Perceived awareness of sleep paralysis phenomenon (old hag syndrome) and its most common risk factors among people from Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia

Aledili, Fatimah J.; Albahrani, Fatimah A.; Alalawi, Laila Y.; Aleliwi, Fatema Rafea; Bomouzah, Fatimah A.; Alghasham, Ghadeer Z.; Alhajri, Khalid; Alabdali, Majed

doi:10.15537/smj.2021.42.12.20210628

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 29 publications

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“…In a Riyadh study, 70.3% of individuals had trouble going to bed, and 58.1% had sleep-onset delay [ 26 ]. In an Al-Ahsa study, 97.5% of participants were familiar with sleep paralysis, a common sleep problem [ 27 ]. Frequent nightmares (39.1%), insomnia (41.3%), and suspected sleep-disordered breathing (79.3%) were common in at-risk teens [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Sleep Disorders Among the General Population of the Jazan Region of Southwest Saudi Arabia

Hakami,

Al-Amer

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Background: Sleep disorders impose a substantial burden on the global population, leading to an array of health complications. Understanding their prevalence and associated risk factors is crucial to formulating effective interventions. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of sleep disorders among residents of the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted an online survey from December 2022 to March 2023. The sample comprised 670 respondents aged 18 years and older residing in Jazan. Demographic data, lifestyle habits, sleep patterns, and sleep disorder symptoms were assessed. Results: The participants were predominantly women (62.2%), with an average age of 30.99 years and a normal body mass index. The analyses revealed that 28.8% of the respondents reported experiencing sleep disorders, and 13.4% particularly had obstructive sleep apnea. Nearly half of the participants reported having primary insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, and restless leg syndrome. Significant associations were found between sleep disorders and older age (p = 0.012), obesity (p = 0.043), short or thin neck (p = 0.034), smoking (p = 0.003), caffeine use (p = 0.001), existing health conditions (p = 0.001), medication use (p = 0.013), lack of daytime naps (p = 0.043), and frequent nighttime awakenings to urinate (p = 0.001). The most common self-reported reasons for nightly awakenings were urination, anxiety or stress, discomfort or noise, and health conditions. Conclusions: The findings suggest a high prevalence of sleep disorders among adults in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Various demographic, lifestyle, and health-related factors are linked to these disorders. Therefore, targeted sleep health education and interventions could be instrumental in tackling this significant public health issue.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Sleep Disorders Among the General Population of the Jazan Region of Southwest Saudi Arabia

Hakami,

Al-Amer

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Sleeping Paralysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Hefnawy,

Amer,

Amer

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Sleep paralysis (SP) is a mixed state of consciousness and sleep, combining features of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep with those of wakefulness. The exact cause of SP is unknown, and its prevalence varies among the studies. We aim to identify SP's global prevalence, the affected population's characteristics, and the SP's clinical picture. We searched three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS)) using a unique search strategy to identify eligible studies. All observational studies identifying the prevalence or frequency of sleeping paralysis were included. No exclusions are made based on country, race, or questionnaire. The analysis was performed using the latest version of R software (R Core Team, Vienna, Austria). The analysis included 76 studies from 25 countries with 167,133 participants. The global prevalence of SP was 30% (95% CI (22%, 39%)). There were similar frequencies of isolated SP and SP (33%, 95% CI (26%, 42%), I2 = 97%, P <0.01; 31%, 95% CI (21%, 43%), I2 = 100%, P = 0, respectively). A subgroup analysis showed that the majority of those who experienced SP were psychiatric patients (35%, 95% CI (20%, 55%), I2 = 96%, P <0.01). The prevalence among non-psychiatric patients was among students (34%, 95% CI (23%, 47%), I2 = 100%, P = 0). Auditory and visual hallucinations were reported in 24.25% of patients. Around 4% had only visual hallucinations. Meta-regression showed no association between the frequency of SP and sex. Publication bias was detected among the included studies through visual inspection of funnel plot asymmetry. Our findings revealed that 30% of the population suffered from SP, especially psychiatric patients and students. The majority of SP cases lacked associated hallucinations, while a noteworthy proportion experienced combined visual and auditory hallucinations.

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Perceived awareness of sleep paralysis phenomenon (old hag syndrome) and its most common risk factors among people from Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia

Cited by 2 publications

References 29 publications

Prevalence of Sleep Disorders Among the General Population of the Jazan Region of Southwest Saudi Arabia

Prevalence of Sleep Disorders Among the General Population of the Jazan Region of Southwest Saudi Arabia

Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Sleeping Paralysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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