Perceived discrimination and health by gender, social class, and country of birth in a Southern European country

Borrell, Carme; Muntañer, Carles; Gil‐González, Diana; Artazcoz, Lucı́a; Rodríguez-Sanz, Maica; Rohlfs, Izabella; Pérez, Katherine; García-Calvente, Mar; Villegas, Rodrigo; Álvarez-Dardet, Carlos

doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.10.016

Cited by 55 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Although both types of indicators are relevant to explain health inequalities, this work indicates that the non-ethnic types can produce stronger differences in poor health outcomes. This result shows that, although perceived discrimination based on ethnic traits is essential to explain current health inequalities in Europe (Bhui et al 2005;Borrell et al 2010;de Castro et al 2008;Gee et al 2009;Hunte and Williams 2009;Veling et al 2008), researchers should also pay special attention to non-ethnic types of discrimination based on socio-demographic determinants of health such as age, gender, sexuality or disability, which in combination with ethnic types might increase health inequalities in Europe (Riach and Rich 2002). Particularly, our study points out the need to face problems related to ethnic discrimination, as well as those based on gender/sexuality (Bradford et al 2012;Oli and Onta 2012), aging or disability (Alvarez-Galvez and Salvador-Carulla 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The study of the effects on health of perceived discrimination based on race and ethnic traits has a long-standing and widespread tradition in epidemiological research (Bhui et al 2005;Borrell et al 2010;de Castro et al 2008;Gee et al 2009;Hunte and Williams 2009;Veling et al 2008), but recent studies have found that nonethnic discrimination based on factors such as gender, education or age is also a crucial predictor of health outcomes (Alvarez-Galvez and Salvador-Carulla 2013; Bradford et al 2012;Ferrie et al 2006;Kim and Williams, 2012;Oli and Onta 2012). In a broad sense, we might say that specialized literature has not paid the same attention to social determinants of health, which is the reason why these studies are trying to fill this gap in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring the effect of ethnic and non-ethnic discrimination on Europeans’ self-rated health

Álvarez‐Gálvez

2015

Int J Public Health

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the effect of ethnic and non-ethnic discrimination on Europeans’ self-rated health

Álvarez‐Gálvez

2015

Int J Public Health

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“…In addition to these factors, adolescents with Japan-born mothers might have been less discriminated against than other multicultural subgroups, due to both their physical appearance, which is similar to that of adolescents with Korean-born parents, and the wealth of their mothers’ home country. A Spanish study showed that perceived discrimination was higher among immigrants from low income countries than immigrants from high income countries [25]. According to the Korean National Survey of Multicultural Families in 2012, the offspring of Japanese migrants reported the highest rate of positive identity associated with multicultural status among all offspring of Asian immigrants [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among adolescents from four main cultural subgroups in the USA (African-American, Native American, Asian-American, and Latino), each subgroup showed intragroup differences in risk for suicidal behaviors according to SEP and ethnic background [23]. Moreover, the level of perceived discrimination may vary across ethic groups and country of birth [19, 25–27]. For instance, a UK study showed that the prevalence of perceived discrimination experiences differed across the ethnic groups: the Black Caribbean was more likely to be exposed to the unfair treatment, while Indian and Bangladeshi reported higher levels of insults than UK whites [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of multicultural status with depressive mood and suicidality among Korean adolescents: the roles of parental country of birth and socioeconomic position

2017

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BackgroundThe mental health of the offspring of immigrants is a major public health concern. In this study, we examined associations of multicultural status and parental country of birth with adolescent mental health in South Korea, and assessed the effect of socioeconomic position (SEP) on these associations.MethodsWe used four waves of the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS) between 2011 and 2014, including 294,324 participants (149,219 boys and 145,105 girls aged 13–18 years) as study subjects. KYRBS is a cross-sectional survey conducted annually by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The participants in the KYRBS were drawn as stratified multistage clustered samples from Korean middle schools and high schools. We calculated the age-adjusted 12-month prevalence of depressive mood and suicidal behaviors by parental country of birth, and estimated the effects of SEP indicators on the relationship.ResultsThe age-standardized prevalence of suicidality (suicide ideation, plans, and attempts) was significantly different between multicultural and non-multicultural boys. The impact of multicultural status on mental health varied with parental foreign-born status and maternal country of birth. Compared with non-multicultural counterparts, boys with Japan-born mothers showed lower prevalence ratios (PRs) of suicidal plans (PR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.16–0.70). Girls with Japan-born mothers also showed lower PRs of depressive mood (PR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.63–0.95) and suicidal ideation (PR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.41–0.83), while adolescents with Korean-Chinese mothers showed similar PRs. Boys with foreign-born fathers as well as boys with two foreign-born parents were at a greater risk of suicidality than non-multicultural boys. The magnitude of the relationship between multicultural status and mental health outcomes was generally attenuated after adjusting for SEP indicators.ConclusionsIn general, adolescents with Japan-born mothers showed lower PRs of depressive mood and suicidality than non-multicultural adolescents, while those with Korean-Chinese mothers showed similar PRs. Boys who had foreign-born fathers generally showed greater PRs of depressive mood and suicidality than non-multicultural boys. To ensure the effective implementation of policies to reduce mental health problems among multicultural adolescents in South Korea, detailed information should be considered regarding the cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds of families, such as parental country of birth and SEP.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4044-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…In contrast, a similar study undertaken on men and women residing in Spain reported incidences of discrimination of any type, including ethnicity, were as low as 4.8% among men and 7.7% among women. 19 The Korean study on discrimination 5 reported that 21.8% of those aged 65 and above experience discrimination. In Korea, awareness of discrimination seems to be lower than in most other countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the Experience of Discrimination Affect Health? A Cross-Sectional Study of Korean Elders

Chun

Kang

Cho

et al. 2013

Asia Pac J Public Health

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This study was conducted among 992 Koreans aged 60 to 89 to examine the effects of perceived discrimination on the health of an ethnically homogenous older population. Perceived discrimination was measured with a self-report instrument. Health outcomes included depressive symptoms, poor self-rated health, and chronic diseases. Of the elderly Koreans surveyed, 23.5% reported having experienced discrimination based on education, age, birthplace, birth order, or gender. Among women, 23.1% reported experiencing gender discrimination, compared to 0.9% among men. Men reported education and age discrimination most frequently-9.4% and 7.7%, respectively. Those who reported experiencing any discrimination were 2.19 times more likely to report depressive symptoms (95% confidence interval = 1.50-3.22) and 1.40 times more likely to report poor self-rated health (95% confidence interval = 1.02-1.93). The health effects of educational discrimination appeared most prominent. This study supports the positive associations between perceived discrimination and poorer health, particularly mental health, in later life.

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Perceived discrimination and health by gender, social class, and country of birth in a Southern European country

Cited by 55 publications

References 41 publications

Measuring the effect of ethnic and non-ethnic discrimination on Europeans’ self-rated health

Measuring the effect of ethnic and non-ethnic discrimination on Europeans’ self-rated health

Associations of multicultural status with depressive mood and suicidality among Korean adolescents: the roles of parental country of birth and socioeconomic position

Does the Experience of Discrimination Affect Health? A Cross-Sectional Study of Korean Elders

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