Perceived discrimination and self-esteem among family caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and children with intellectual disabilities (ID) in Spain: The mediational role of affiliate stigma and social support

The Influence of Work Resources, Demands, and Organizational Culture on Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Citizenship Behaviors of Spanish Police Officers

“…In order to test if there were any relevant differences according to the participants’ gender, age, or organizational tenure, ANOVA’s tests have been conducted following the procedure used by Recio and colleagues [ 55 ]. There were no differences according to gender ( p > 0.05) in any of the variables included in the model (Work Demands, Social Support, Control, Flexibility-Oriented Culture, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, or OCBO).…”

“…The analysis in PLS was carried out in two stages [ 55 ]. Firstly, tests of reliability and convergent and discriminant validity were analyzed (outer model); then the hypotheses were tested (inner model)—that is to say, to what extent perceived demands, support, and control shown by Spanish police officers predicted their job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and OCBO.…”

“…The higher the AVE value, the more representative the indicators are of the construct on which they load. Generally, the value should be above 0.50 [ 55 , 56 ]. As presented in Table 3 , the AVE for each construct was satisfactory.…”

“…In the present study, the SRMR values for both the estimated model (0.104) and the saturated model (0.101) show an acceptable fit. SMART-PLS also provides additional fit indices [ 55 ], such as the Chi-Square (1.996) and the NFI (0.924). Although the results of the SRMR values, the chi-square test used in conjunction with NFI indices are sufficient to assess a model’s overall fit, similar results were found analyzing this factor structure using AMOS 5.0 ( RMSEA = 0.084; CFI = 0.914; NFI = 0.922).…”

Evolution of intersectional perceived discrimination and internalized stigma during COVID-19 lockdown among the general population in Spain

“…Social support has shown to be a protective variable against the effects of discrimination for different groups (Cristini et al, 2011;Seawell et al, 2014), and even in the context of this pandemic it has demonstrated that it reduces the psychological impact of this stressful situation (Lei et al, 2020). Similarly, in Spain, previous research has shown that relationship between perceived discrimination and social support in a sample of family caregivers of children with intellectual disabilities (Recio et al, 2020), and between internalized stigma and support from friends, coworkers, and health care providers in people living with HIV (Garrido-Hernansaiz & Alonso-Tapia, 2017). Furthermore, several studies point to the effect of discrimination and stigma on depression and anxiety (Burgess et al, 2008;Moya & Moya-Garófano, 2020).…”