Perceived discrimination, ethnic identity, and ethnic-racial socialization in Chinese immigrant families before and after the COVID-19 outbreak: An exploratory natural experiment

Yang, Yiran; Emmen, Rosanneke A. G.; Veen, Daudi van; Mesman, Judi

doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2022.09.001

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Ethnic-racial socialization (ERS) research emerged in the U.S in the 1980s, saw a boom in published papers since 2016, and overwhelmingly centered family settings and parents (mainly mothers) as sources of ERS (Hughes, 2023). Recently, few studies in the Netherlands and Germany targeted mothers of children racialized as white (de Bruijn et al, 2024;Kaiser et al, 2023Kaiser et al, , 2024Mesman et al, 2022) and mothers of racially marginalized children (Bostancı et al, 2022;Pektas et al, 2023;Yang et al, 2022) as sources of ERS. Nevertheless, with a growing diverse population and persisting racism, there is an increasing need to understand ERS of racially marginalized youth in Germany within and beyond family settings.…”

Section: Ethnic-racial Socialization Through the Lens Of German Young...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic-Racial Socialization Through the Lens of German Young Adults of Turkish, Kurdish, East and Southeast Asian Heritage

Aral,

Juang

2024

Preprint

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The present study explored how racially marginalized German young adults narrate their ethnic-racial socialization growing up in Germany. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 26 German young adults of Turkish, Kurdish, East, and Southeast Asian heritage (aged 18-32 years, Mage = 26.7, SD = 3.08, 16 women, seven men, and three non- binary). Reflexive thematic analysis resulted in five themes. Young adults growing up learned: 1) what it means to be Turkish, Kurdish, East and Southeast Asian across settings, 2) racialization through a mixture of explicit, implicit, and subtle discrimination experiences, 3) resistance for survival, 4) resistance for liberation through displays of self-advocacy, and consequently 5) moved from “avoidance and help-seeking” to “action and solidarity” as strategies of resistance against racism. These findings expand our understanding of ethnic- racial socialization among racially marginalized youth in Germany and highlight the need for providing resistance strategies to youth not only to survive but also to disrupt racism.

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Section: Ethnic-racial Socialization Through the Lens Of German Young...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic-Racial Socialization Through the Lens of German Young Adults of Turkish, Kurdish, East and Southeast Asian Heritage

Aral,

Juang

2024

Preprint

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“…For example, rapid increases in immigration, new legislation, increased polarization, and large-scale events such as the global financial crisis might fuel feelings of group competition and uncertainty that foster stronger ethnic identities (Geerlings et al, 2015; Hogg, 2007). Similarly, the COVID-19 pandemic, contemporary social developments such as the Black Lives Matter movement, and a stronger normative focus on diversity, equity, and inclusion suggest that people have increasingly considered their ethnic identity as more meaningful, relevant, and important over the last 10–15 years (e.g., Leach & Allen, 2017; Yang et al, 2022). These events and societal shifts suggest that older and younger people alike may exhibit increases in ethnic identity importance but still differ in their mean levels of ethnic identity centrality (i.e., similar between-cohort trends may indicate the existence of period effects).…”

Section: Changes In Ethnic Identity Centralitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic identity centrality across the adult lifespan: Aging, cohort, and period effects among majority and minority group members.

Verkuyten,

Yogeeswaran,

Zubielevitch

et al. 2024

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Ethnic identity is a major area of study across many disciplines including psychology, sociology, anthropology, and political science. Yet, little is known about changes in ethnic identity across the adult lifespan, and whether such changes are driven by normal aging processes (aging effects), unique societal influences linked with one’s formative years (cohort effects), or social changes during a specific time frame (period effects). We address these key oversights by utilizing 13 annual waves of longitudinal panel data from a nationwide random sample of both ethnic majority (N = 49,660) and Indigenous ethnic minority (N = 8,325) group members in New Zealand to examine changes in ethnic identity centrality using cohort-sequential latent growth modeling. This approach helps to identify changes in mean levels of ethnic identity centrality over time and whether such changes are driven by aging, cohort, and/or period effects. Our data reveal that, among both ethnic majority and ethnic minority individuals, changes in ethnic identity centrality were informed by a combination of normative aging processes, societal circumstances that reflected the unique historical context in which people grew to maturity, and societal changes during the 13 annual assessments of our study. Collectively, these results demonstrate for the first time that ethnic identity centrality in adulthood is subject to lifelong changes.

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“…The pervasive anti‐Chinese discrimination sparked anger among ethnic Chinese people (Li et al, 2021). Furthermore, the Chinese diaspora tended to strengthen ingroup identification (Lou et al, 2021; Yang et al, 2022) or disidentify from the dominant group (Lou et al, 2021). The anger and (dis)identification can be viewed as a shift in their attitudes towards their heritage and national groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The change in external circumstances in the middle of the study contributed to a dataset with half of the data collected before and half during the pandemic, which meets the conditions of a natural experiment (Dunning, 2012). To the best of our knowledge, there were only two studies (Haft and Zhou, 2021; Yang et al, 2022) conducted on Chinese adult immigrants (college students in the United States and Chinese‐Dutch female adults in the Netherlands) that collected data both before and during the pandemic, using a similar natural experimental design as the current study. This type of naturally split dataset presents a unique opportunity to accurately examine the potential impact of the pandemic on interethnic prejudice among children with a Chinese background.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crisis and bias: Exploring ethnic prejudice among Chinese‐Dutch children before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Yang,

Emmen,

de Bruijn

et al. 2023

Infant and Child Development

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Interethnic prejudice in children has been studied mostly among White and Black populations in the United States, but less among East Asian populations and Europe. Given that interethnic prejudice is sensitive to populations and contexts, research on previously neglected groups is needed. In the current study, interethnic prejudice is examined among Chinese‐Dutch children aged 7–11 years (N = 80, 42 girls and 38 boys), focusing on their preference for and rejection of East Asian, White, Southwest Asian and North African, and Black peers. In addition, interethnic prejudice is examined in relation to the COVID‐19 pandemic, a global crisis that has led to anti‐Asian racism. The results revealed that Chinese‐Dutch children evaluated their ethnic ingroup and the White outgroup most positively, and the Black outgroup least positively. Moreover, stronger ingroup affinity (in terms of lower ingroup rejection) among Chinese‐Dutch children was found during than before the COVID‐19 pandemic, highlighting the importance of situational influences on children's interethnic prejudice.

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Perceived discrimination, ethnic identity, and ethnic-racial socialization in Chinese immigrant families before and after the COVID-19 outbreak: An exploratory natural experiment

Cited by 8 publications

References 44 publications

Ethnic-Racial Socialization Through the Lens of German Young Adults of Turkish, Kurdish, East and Southeast Asian Heritage

Ethnic-Racial Socialization Through the Lens of German Young Adults of Turkish, Kurdish, East and Southeast Asian Heritage

Ethnic identity centrality across the adult lifespan: Aging, cohort, and period effects among majority and minority group members.

Crisis and bias: Exploring ethnic prejudice among Chinese‐Dutch children before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic

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