Perceived Environmental Drug Use Risk and the Correlates of Early Drug Use or Nonuse among Inner-City Youths: The Motivated Actor<sup>*</sup>

Dembo, Richard; Blount, William R.; Schmeidler, James; Burgos, William

doi:10.3109/10826088609077250

Cited by 37 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This is also true of attempts to study environmental factors associated with drug use (Dembo et al, 1986). One such study among 1045 students in the South Bronx sought to better understand how the macro-environment shapes drug use by investigating individuals' perceptions of neighbourhood factors on drug transitions (Dembo et al, 1986).…”

Section: Social and Economic Deprivationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Risk factors associated with drug use: the importance of ‘risk environment’

Rhodes

Lilly

Fernández³

et al. 2003

Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy

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This paper discusses research findings on non-biological risk factors associated with illicit drug use. There is an established body of North American research in this field, and a growing European literature. We find that there is an interplay of individual and environmental factors associated with drug use, with the permeation of their interactions potentially limitless. Within the behavioural science literature, we identify three main analytical dimensions for understanding 'risk factors'. These are: 'intrapersonal'; 'microenvironmental'; and 'macro-environmental'. We note that it is not new to emphasize drug use as a social activity, involving social interactions within particular social environments, but that, despite this, the balance of focus in research tends towards 'extra-environmental' or 'individualistic' interpretations. We emphasize that future research is best oriented towards generating data of practical value for the development of interventions rather than attempting to delineate causative factors. The failure of most risk factors research rests in its incapacity to capture the variety of social and environmental influences on drug use, and the relevance of these for developing socially appropriate interventions. In addition to recognizing the importance of targeting interventions towards 'high risk' populations and 'high risk' forms of drug use, we emphasize throughout the importance of the 'risk environment' in mediating patterns of drug use.

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Section: Social and Economic Deprivationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Risk factors associated with drug use: the importance of ‘risk environment’

Rhodes

Lilly

Fernández³

et al. 2003

Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy

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“…Methodologically, individual reports of perceptions may be influenced by biased appraisal processes (e.g., adolescent substance users may report that the community has more permissive norms than adolescents in the same community who do not use substances (38–42)). Substantively, the broader social context in which youth are embedded may influence behaviors such as marijuana use in addition to individual-level youth attitudes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The social norms of birth cohorts and adolescent marijuana use in the United States, 1976–2007

et al. 2011

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Aims Studies of the relationship between social norms and marijuana use have generally focused on individual attitudes, leaving the influence of larger societal-level attitudes unknown. The present study investigated societal-level disapproval of marijuana use defined by birth cohort or by time period. Design Combined analysis of nationally-representative annual surveys of secondary school students in the U.S. conducted 1976–2007 as part of the Monitoring the Future study. Setting In-school surveys completed by adolescents in the U.S. Participants 986,003 adolescents in grades 8, 10, and 12 Measurements Main predictors included the percentage of students who disapproved of marijuana in each birth cohort and time period. Multi-level models with individuals clustered in time periods of observation and birth cohorts were modeled, with past-year marijuana use as the outcome. Findings Results indicated a significant and strong effect of birth cohort disapproval of marijuana use in predicting individual risk of marijuana use, after controlling for individual-level disapproval, perceived norms towards marijuana, and other characteristics. For example, compared to birth cohorts in which most (87–90.9%) adolescents disapproved of marijuana use, odds of marijuana use were 3.53 times higher in cohorts where less than half (42–46.9%) disapproved (99% C.I. 2.75, 4.53). Conclusions Individuals in birth cohorts that are more disapproving of marijuana use are less likely to use, independent of their personal attitudes towards marijuana use. Social norms and attitudes regarding marijuana use cluster in birth cohorts, and this clustering has a direct effect on marijuana use even after controlling for individual attitudes and perceptions of norms.

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“…Addicts had the highest perceptions of neighborhood deviance, and community controls had the lowest [15]. Previous research has argued that it is how key features of the environment are perceived or known that explains the ultimate development of deviant behavior [16]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also measured social capital, which encompasses community-level factors, such as trust in neighbors and overall assessment of neighborhood prosperity. The literature demonstrates repeatedly that in areas lacking social capital, these types of adverse social conditions may lead to several kinds of deviant behavior, including substance abuse [15,16,20,21]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of neighborhood social environment and drug dependence among incarcerated women and men: a cross-sectional analysis

Rogers

Ramaswamy

Cheng

et al. 2012

Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy

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BackgroundPerception of neighborhood social environment can influence an individual’s susceptibility to drug dependence. However, this has never been examined with a jailed sample, where frequent transitions between local jails and disadvantaged neighborhoods are common. Understanding these associations could aid in the design of targeted programs to decrease drug dependence and recidivism among the incarcerated.MethodsFor this study, 596 women and men from three Kansas City jails were surveyed over the course of six months in 2010. Drug dependence was assessed with DSM-IV criteria. Independent variables included fear of one’s neighborhood, perceived level of neighborhood violence, and social capital. All data were self-reported and were analyzed using logistic regression.ResultsControlling for gender and age, fear of neighborhood violence was associated with increased odds of having drug dependence (OR = 1.27, CI 1.02, 1.58) and a higher level of social capital prior to incarceration was associated with lower odds of drug dependence (OR = 0.65, CI 0.44, 0.96). Mental health problem diagnosis and past year intimate partner violence were significant mediating factors. Gender and race/ethnicity were significant moderating factors between neighborhood disadvantage and drug dependence.ConclusionsOur study suggests that drug dependence programs for women and men who cycle between jails and communities require both individual- and community-level interventions. To be most effective, programs at the community-level should focus on helping specific groups navigate their communities, as well as address individual health needs associated with drug dependence.

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Perceived Environmental Drug Use Risk and the Correlates of Early Drug Use or Nonuse among Inner-City Youths: The Motivated Actor^*

Cited by 37 publications

References 22 publications

Risk factors associated with drug use: the importance of ‘risk environment’

Risk factors associated with drug use: the importance of ‘risk environment’

The social norms of birth cohorts and adolescent marijuana use in the United States, 1976–2007

Perceptions of neighborhood social environment and drug dependence among incarcerated women and men: a cross-sectional analysis

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Perceived Environmental Drug Use Risk and the Correlates of Early Drug Use or Nonuse among Inner-City Youths: The Motivated Actor*

Cited by 37 publications

References 22 publications

Risk factors associated with drug use: the importance of ‘risk environment’

Risk factors associated with drug use: the importance of ‘risk environment’

The social norms of birth cohorts and adolescent marijuana use in the United States, 1976–2007

Perceptions of neighborhood social environment and drug dependence among incarcerated women and men: a cross-sectional analysis

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Perceived Environmental Drug Use Risk and the Correlates of Early Drug Use or Nonuse among Inner-City Youths: The Motivated Actor^*