Perceived Immigration Policy Effects Scale

Abstract

The present study describes the development and testing of the Perceived Immigration Policy Effects Scale (PIPES). The measure was developed in Spanish to assess the impact of state-level immigration policies on Latino immigrant parents. This study describes the steps taken to develop the scale items and psychometric testing. The scale was completed by 300 Latino immigrant parents in the state of Arizona. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis revealed/confirmed a four-factor model (discrimination, social exclusion, threat to family, and children's vulnerability). The subscales and total scale have excellent reliability (α = .824-.934). Additional testing is needed to examine the application of the scale beyond states passing restrictive immigration policies.

Association of Perceived Immigration Policy Vulnerability With Mental and Physical Health Among US-Born Latino Adolescents in California

“…We dichotomized total and subscale scores into either low or moderate (ie, a mean response of less than sometimes responses for all questions) or high (ie, a mean response of sometimes responses for all questions). 34 We constructed separate multivariable regression models for each end point. Covariates were selected using directed acyclic graphs (eFigure 1 in the Supplement).…”

“…16,31,55 Other important strengths include repeat assessments of multiple health end points, including both maternal and youth participants' reporting on adolescent mental health using a widely used tool validated in both English and Spanish. 37 The use of PIPES 34 is another strength, allowing us to capture a more nuanced picture of youth participants' concerns compared with previous studies, which largely relied on parental immigration status as the independent variable. .77…”

“…The main independent variable was adolescent self-reported concerns about immigration policy at age 16 years, which were collected with a portion of the Perceived Immigration Policy Effects Scale (PIPES) instrument. 34 PIPES was originally developed and validated in Arizona to assess the implication of state-level immigration policies for immigrant parents. The original Spanish-language PIPES included 24 items representing 4 factors.…”

Emotional wellbeing and coping among Latinx young adults in the time of COVID‐19

“…Moreover, practitioners should coach Latinx youth and young adults in developmentally and culturally grounded strategies that are protective for this population (Edwards & Romero, 2008), such as seeking refuge through family and friendship bonds, problem‐solving coping, and institutional resources (e.g., college engagement, technology use). In light of exo‐ and macro‐level stressors affecting Latinx young adults, advocacy and radical healing strategies that aim to raise consciousness about oppression, to reclaim lost strengths‐based narratives of one's origin group, and to provide racial/ethnic socialization, could reframe the burden Latinx young adults endure in their various environments (Ayón, 2017; Chavez‐Dueñas et al, 2019).…”

COVID on Campus: Assessing the Impact of the Pandemic on Undocumented College Students

“…Parental immigration status was categorized as no legal status (coded as 0) or having at least one parent with a lawful immigration status (coded as 1). Ayón's (2017) three subscales of the Perceived Immigration Policy Effects Scale (PIPES) were included-social exclusion (five items, α = .829), discrimination (nine items, α = .874), and threat to family (three items, α = .815). Sample statements include the following: "Have you been treated unfairly at a restaurant or store because of current immigration policy?"…”