Perceived Social Cohesion and Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Ellen, Jonathan M.; Jennings, Jacky M.; Meyers, Todd; Chung, Shang En; Taylor, Ralph B.

doi:10.1097/01.olq.0000110467.64222.61

Cited by 35 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…11 However, the results of this study cannot be generalized to all of Baltimore. It was conducted only in the ten-block groups with the most poverty and the least residential stability.…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Of 64 cities with populations greater than 200,000 for which CDC reported STD numbers and rates in 1996, Chicago ranked second for the number of reported gonorrhea infections (11,383) and 19th for the rate (386.1 cases per 100,000 population). The city ranked third for the number of reported Chlamydia infections (12,356) and 17th for the rate (419.1 cases per 100,000 population).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neighborhood Factors Affecting Rates of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Chicago

2009

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High rates of gonorrhea have been shown to be associated with high rates of incarceration in the prior year. One hypothesized chain of events is that there is a negative effect of incarceration on neighborhood social characteristics, which in turn affect behaviors facilitating transmission of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). This study examined whether neighborhood characteristics were associated with the incidence of STDs and homicide rates as a proxy for incarceration rates. Data were from the 1995 Program on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, the Chicago Health Department, and the Chicago Police Department. Neighborhood gonorrhea rates increased by 192.2 (95% confidence interval (CI) 131.6, 252.9) cases per 100,000 population with a change from the 25th to the 75th percentile of social disorder. This rate difference was a value greater than the median neighborhood gonorrhea rate. Similar increases were observed for other neighborhood measures and for Chlamydia infection. We hypothesize that high rates of incarceration may play a role in undermining neighborhood social cohesion and control. Using homicide rates as a proxy for incarceration, a change from the 25th to the 75th percentile of 1995 neighborhood homicide rates yielded a gonorrhea rate increase of 164.6 (95% CI 124.4, 204.7) cases per 100,000. Factors that undermine the social fabric of a community can become manifest in health outcomes such as STDs. The effects of high rates of incarceration on neighborhoods merit further exploration.

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“…11 However, the results of this study cannot be generalized to all of Baltimore. It was conducted only in the ten-block groups with the most poverty and the least residential stability.…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood Factors Affecting Rates of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Chicago

2009

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“…There is increasing evidence that neighborhood cohesion plays a role in young people's health and development [1][2][3][4][5][6] and may be a critical determinant for economically disadvantaged youth [6][7][8][9]. Neighborhoods have a variety of collective qualities that can engage adolescents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Neighborhood Connection and the Association with Violence in Young Adolescents

Widome

Harpin

Hearst

2008

Journal of Adolescent Health

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Purpose-The objectives of this study were to construct measures of adolescent neighborhood connection and test the association of these measures with violence-related behaviors.Methods-This study uses data from the baseline Lead Peace-Plus evaluation survey completed by 6 th grade students (n=118). The survey was conducted in Fall, 2006 in four urban community schools with similar ethnically diverse and economically disadvantaged student bodies. The survey instrument, tailored for adolescents, included questions about violence involvement in the past year, as well as youth perceptions of and interactions with others in their neighborhood. Exploratory factor analysis was employed to construct neighborhood connectedness scales. Mixed-model logistic regression was used to examine relationships of these scales with students' violent behaviors, adjusting for age, gender and ethnicity.Results-Exploratory factor analysis yielded two factors. The first factor, Intention to Contribute, was composed of five items (α = 0.86) that indicated whether adolescents value and intend to work to improve their neighborhoods. The factor, Neighborhood Social Resources, was composed of eight items (α = 0.76) that reflected adolescents' familiarity with neighbors and perceptions that their neighbors could provide support. Students with lower levels of both neighborhood connection measures were more likely to report violent behaviors in the past year. However, the trends were statistically significant only for relationships between Intention to Contribute and violence indicators.Conclusions-Neighborhood connection can be measured with reliability in middle school students. Cultivating young adolescents' intentions to contribute to their neighborhoods may be an effective strategy for reducing youth violence.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Rates of Chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome among black people range from 5.4 to 17.8 times the rates among white people. 9 Lack of resources and inequity of resource distribution are associated with risky sexual behavior, lack of health care, and rising STD rates.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Using a Health in All Policies Approach to Address Social Determinants of Sexually Transmitted Disease Inequities in the Context of Community Change and Redevelopment

et al. 2013

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Objectives. We used a Health in All Policies (HiAP) framework to determine what data, policy, and community efficacy opportunities exist for improving sexual health and reducing sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in an area surrounding an Army base undergoing redevelopment in Atlanta, Georgia .Methods. We conducted a literature review, consulted with experts, mapped social determinants in the community, conducted key informant interviews with community leaders to explore policy solutions, used Photovoice with community members to identify neighborhood assets, and shared data with all stakeholder groups to solicit engagement for next steps .Results. We identified the following HiAP-relevant determinants of STD inequities in the literature: education, employment, male incarceration, drug and alcohol marketing, and social capital . Quantitative data confirmed challenges in education, employment, and male incarceration in the area . Interviews identified policy opportunities such as educational funding ratios, Community Hire Agreements, code and law enforcement, addiction and mental health resources, lighting for safety, and a nonemergency public safety number . Photovoice participants identified community assets to protect including family-owned businesses, green spaces, gathering places, public transportation resources, historical sites, and architectural elements . Stakeholder feedback provided numerous opportunities for next steps .Conclusions. This study contributes to the HiAP literature by providing an innovative mixed-methods design that locates social determinants of STDs within a geographic context, identifies policy solutions from local leaders, highlights community assets through the lens of place attachment, and engages stakeholders in identifying next steps . Findings from this study could inform other redevelopments, community-based studies of STDs, and HiAP efforts .

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Perceived Social Cohesion and Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Abstract: Future research needs to be conducted to determine the temporal association between gonorrhea prevalence and local social cohesion dynamics.

Cited by 35 publications

References 32 publications

Neighborhood Factors Affecting Rates of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Chicago

Neighborhood Factors Affecting Rates of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Chicago

Measuring Neighborhood Connection and the Association with Violence in Young Adolescents

Using a Health in All Policies Approach to Address Social Determinants of Sexually Transmitted Disease Inequities in the Context of Community Change and Redevelopment

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