Perceived social support following percutaneous coronary intervention is a crucial factor in patients with coronary heart disease

Abstract

This study provides evidence that healthcare professionals should be more aware of the individual needs for social support among patients with coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention.

Hypothetical model of perceived adherence to treatment among patients with coronary heart disease after a percutaneous coronary intervention

“…The model included the predictors that were found statistically significant in the previous studies (Kähkönen et al, ), such as sense of normality, cooperation, motivation, support from next of kin, results of care, support from physicians and fear of complications (Kähkönen et al, ). Additionally, the model included the dimensions of social support (informational, emotional and functional support) (Kähkönen et al, ) and the dimensions of perceived health (mobility, usual activities, pain and discomfort, anxiety and depression) (Kähkönen et al, ). In addition, the model contained statistically significant background variables associated with adherence to treatment, social support and perceived health (age, gender, relationship, length of education, profession, employment status, smoking, physical activity, vegetable consumption, alcohol consumption, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, previous CABG, previous PCI, previous AMI and duration of CHD) (Kähkönen et al, , ).…”

“…The aim of the present study was to test whether empirical data would fit the proposed hypothetical model of perceived adherence to treatment (Figure ) based on four sub‐studies: testing the theory of adherence to treatment of chronically ill patient among patients (Kähkönen et al, ), description and exploration of the predictors of adherence to treatment (Kähkönen et al, ), perceived health (Kähkönen, Saaranen, Lamidi, Miettinen, & Kankkunen, ), received social support (Kähkönen, Kankkunen, Miettinen, Lamidi, & Saaranen, ) and associated factors among patients with CHD after PCI. The hypothetical model of perceived adherence to treatment was created based on the statistically significant findings in these sub‐studies.…”

“…The data were collected using a postal questionnaire 4 months after PCI between January and December 2013 via the following four instruments: The adherence of patient with chronic disease (ACDI) instrument, which is based on a theoretical model of chronically ill patients developed and tested originally by Kyngäs (). The ACDI contained 37 items of adherence to treatment, which were rated on a 5‐point Likert scale (‘definitely disagree’ to ‘definitely agree’). The adherence visual analogue scale (A‐VAS) instrument, which records the respondents’ self‐rated adherence to treatment from the best imaginable adherence to treatment (100) to the worst imaginable adherence to treatment (0) developed by Kähkönen et al (). The social support for people with coronary heart disease (SSCHD) instrument, developed by Kähkönen et al () for the present study and based on the Cohen and Wills's (1985) theory of social support. The SSCHD included 14 items related to receiving social support: informational, emotional and functional support, which were rated on a 5‐point Likert scale (‘definitely disagree’ to ‘definitely agree’). The EuroQoL five‐dimensional scale (EQ‐5D‐5L) regarding the severity of problems on the perceived health dimensions were rated on a 5‐point Likert scale (1 = no problems, 2 = mild problems, 3 = some problems, 4 = moderate problems, 5 = extreme problems). The EuroQoL visual analogue scale (EQ‐VAS) ranking respondents’ perceived health with endpoints labelled the best imaginable health (100) and the worst imaginable health state (0). …”

“…Regarding functional support, the weakest form was respondents’ perceived care about their coping by healthcare professionals. (Kähkönen et al, ).…”

“…In the next step, the hypothetical model of perceived adherence to treatment was constructed based on the follows statistically significant factors in the sub‐studies I‐IV: sense of normality, cooperation, motivation, support from next of kin, results of care, support from physicians and fear of complications (sub‐study I‐II; Kähkönen et al, , ), dimension of perceived health: mobility, usual activities, pain and discomfort, anxiety and depression (sub‐study III; Kähkönen et al, ) and the dimension of social support: informational, emotional and functional support (sub‐study IV; Kähkönen et al, ), (Figure ). Additionally, the following background factors were hypothesized to be the predictors of perceived adherence to treatment based on the sub‐studies I‐IV: sociodemographic factors (age, gender, relationship, length of education, profession, employment status); health behavioural factors (smoking, physical activity, vegetable consumption, alcohol consumption); and disease‐specific factors (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, previous CABG, previous PCI, previous AMI and duration of CHD: Kähkönen et al, ; Kähkönen et al, ; Kähkönen et al, ).…”