Percent Body Fat Is Not an Independent Predictor of Arterial Stiffness in South Asians Unlike in Caucasians

Eapen, Danny J.; Manocha, Pankaj; Patel, Riyaz; Kassas, Ibrahim; Nanjundappa, Ravi Prasad Avati; Sher, Salman; Uphoff, Irina; Liu, Ying X.; Janjua, Uzair; Koduru, Srividya; Syed, Hamid; Mohammed, Altaib; Menon, Vivek; Khan, Ali; Neuman, Rob; Poole, Joseph; Sperling, Laurence; Quyyumi, Arshed A.

doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(11)61583-0

Journal of the American College of Cardiology

2011

DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(11)61583-0

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Percent Body Fat Is Not an Independent Predictor of Arterial Stiffness in South Asians Unlike in Caucasians

Danny J. Eapen¹,

Pankaj Manocha²,

Riyaz Patel³

et al.

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2012

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“…Ethnic diversity in the pathological sequelae of the metabolic syndrome has been reported (Demerath et al, 2007;Lancaster et al, 2006), includ-ing variability in vascular consequences of the same risk factors (Bang et al, 2009). As a case in point, percent body fat is an independent predictor of arterial stiffness among Caucasians, but not among south Asians (Eapen et al, 2011). To address this information gap, we use air displacement plethysmography (ADP; Peapod TM ) to investigate potential differences in neonatal body composition between non-Hispanic Caucasians and African Americans at the time of delivery, taking advantage of variability in length of gestation to understand the accumulation of fat and lean mass in late gestation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ethnic differences in the accumulation of fat and lean mass in late gestation

Lampl

Lee

Koo

et al. 2012

American J Hum Biol

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Objectives Lower birth weight within the normal range predicts adult chronic diseases, but the same birth weight in different ethnic groups may reflect different patterns of tissue development. Neonatal body composition was investigated among non-Hispanic Caucasians and African Americans, taking advantage of variability in gestational duration to understand growth during late gestation. Methods Air displacement plethysmography assessed fat and lean body mass among 220 non-Hispanic Caucasian and 93 non-Hispanic African American neonates. The two ethnic groups were compared using linear regression. Results At 36 weeks gestation, the average lean mass of Caucasian neonates was 2,515 g vs. that of 2,319 g of African American neonates (difference, P = 0.02). The corresponding figures for fat mass were 231 and 278 g, respectively (difference, P = 0.24). At 41 weeks, the Caucasians were 319 g heavier in lean body mass (P < 0.001) but were also 123 g heavier in fat mass (P = 0.001). The slopes for lean mass vs. gestational week were similar, but the slope of fat mass was 5.8 times greater (P = 0.009) for Caucasian (41.0 g/week) than for African American neonates (7.0 g/week). Conclusions By 36 weeks of gestation, the African American fetus developed similar fat mass and less lean mass compared with the Caucasian fetus. Thereafter, changes in lean mass among the African American fetus with increasing gestational age at birth were similar to the Caucasian fetus, but fat accumulated more slowly. We hypothesize that different ethnic fetal growth strategies involving body composition may contribute to ethnic health disparities in later life.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic differences in the accumulation of fat and lean mass in late gestation

Lampl

Lee

Koo

et al. 2012

American J Hum Biol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Ethnic diversity in the pathological sequelae of the metabolic syndrome has been reported (Demerath et al,2007; Lancaster et al,2006), including variability in vascular consequences of the same risk factors (Bang et al,2009). As a case in point, percent body fat is an independent predictor of arterial stiffness among Caucasians, but not among south Asians (Eapen et al,2011). To address this information gap, we use air displacement plethysmography (ADP; Peapod™) to investigate potential differences in neonatal body composition between non‐Hispanic Caucasians and African Americans at the time of delivery, taking advantage of variability in length of gestation to understand the accumulation of fat and lean mass in late gestation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Building the central complex in Drosophila: The generation and development of distinct neural subsets

Young

Armstrong

2010

J of Comparative Neurology

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The distinctive midline neuropil, the central complex (CX), is one of the most prominent features of the insect brain. We investigated the development of the four CX structures and several sets of CX neurons in the Drosophila brain using immunostaining for two cell adhesion molecules, DN-cadherin and Echinoid, and a set of seven enhancer trap lines. Our results showed that the CX is first identifiable in the third instar larva and that it elaborates over the first 48 hours of metamorphosis. The first identifiable structures to appear in their immature form are the protocerebral bridge and fan-shaped body, which are present in the brain of the third instar larva, followed by the noduli (from P12h), and finally the ellipsoid body (from P24h). We observed that neurons are added incrementally to the developing CX structure, with sets of small-field neurons projecting to the CX prior to the large-field neurons. The small-field neurons first project to the developing fan-shaped body, before arborizing or extending to the other structures. We found evidence to suggest that small-field neurons exist in sets of 16 and that they originate from eight common clusters of perikarya in the cortex, suggesting a common origin. We also identified a novel set of pontine neurons that connect contralateral segments in the fan-shaped body.

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Percent Body Fat Is Not an Independent Predictor of Arterial Stiffness in South Asians Unlike in Caucasians

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Ethnic differences in the accumulation of fat and lean mass in late gestation

Ethnic differences in the accumulation of fat and lean mass in late gestation

Building the central complex in Drosophila: The generation and development of distinct neural subsets

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