Percentages of Total Arsenic Represented by Arsenobetaine Levels of Manufactured Seafood Products

Heavy metals monitoring in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis from the Apulian coasts (Southern Italy)

“…For inorganic As, the PTWI is 0.015 mg/kg (WHO, 2011) of body weight per week, or 129 µg/day for a subject of 60 kg. Literature studies show that most As found in fish and seafood is in the form of organic As (IOM, 2006;Munoz et al, 2000;Penrose et al, 1997;Simonič 2009;Velez et al, 1995), which represents the less toxic form. The percentage of inorganic As has been reported to be between 0.02 and 11% (Munoz et al, 2000) in fish and shellfish, so the inorganic forms usually only contribute a few percentage points (Donohue et al, 1999;Francesconi & Edmond, 1997;Munoz et al, 1999;Francesconi et al, 2002).…”

Organoarsenical Species Contents in Fresh and Processed Seafood Products

“…However, there are some types of seafood, such as bivalves and other mollusks, for which AB represents not more than 50% of the total arsenic (13,(16)(17)(18)(19). This indicates the presence of species other than AB in considerable quantities.…”

Formation of toxic arsenical in roasted muscles of marine animals

“…14 The conversion of arsenobetaine to unidentified compound(s) was reported to have occurred in canned or pickled seafood products. 17 Although arsenobetaine itself is non-toxic, the degradation products of arsenobetaine formed on cooking could be toxic. We investigated the degradation products of arsenobetaine generated by roasting the muscles of the starspotted shark Mustelus manazo and of the red crayfish Panulirus longipes femoristriga.…”