Percentile growth charts for biomedical studies using a porcine model

Corson, A. M.; Laws, J. A.; Laws, A.J.; Litten, J. C.; Lean, I.J.; Clarke, L.

doi:10.1017/s1751731108002966

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Firstly, in larger animals, the reserve zone, which is mainly comprised of dense extracellular matrix and is the stiffest region of the growth plate, takes 70% of the total volume at the newborn stage (Sergerie et al 2009) and gradually decreases in size with age (data not shown). Secondly, a high rate of growth as indicated by rapid weight gain (Corson et al 2008), particularly toward the pubertal stage, is associated with increased cellular hypertrophy (Alexander 1976). As the hypertrophic zone is the weakest zone of the growth plate, the consequent increase in cell/matrix volume ratio could also explain the observed decrease in stiffness with developmental stage (Sergerie et al 2009;Mehlman and Koepplinger 2010).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This difference in mechanical properties may be attributed to rapid porcine developmental changes at the 3-4 week period, where it was shown that pigs experience an increase in growth at 3 weeks followed by a decrease at 4 weeks. Indeed, between 2 and 3 weeks, pigs increase by about 60% in mass, followed by a 20% decrease between 3 and 4 weeks (Davies et al 1984;Corson et al 2008). Bone growth is directly stimulated by increased levels of testosterone and decreased levels of estrogen due to the presence of receptors within the growth plate, or indirectly by stimulating growth hormone that increases cellular proliferation (Peralta et al 1994;Maor et al 1999;Juul 2001;Phillip et al 2001;Van der Eerden et al 2002;Irie et al 2005;Savendahl 2005;Chagin and Savendahl 2007).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical properties of the porcine growth plate vary with developmental stage

Wosu

Sergerie

Lévesque

et al. 2011

Biomech Model Mechanobiol

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The objectives of this study were to extract the intrinsic mechanical properties of the growth plate at four different stages of growth and to compare two different methods of extracting these properties. Porcine distal ulnar growth plate samples were obtained from newborn, 4-, 8-, and 18-week (W) pigs and were tested using stress relaxation tests under unconfined compression. A four-parameter curve fitting procedure was developed to extract mechanical properties using the Transversely Isotropic Biphasic Elastic model(TIBPE) (Cohen et al. in J Biomech Eng Trans Asme 120(4):491-496, 1998) and the Differential Evolution (DE) optimization algorithm (Price et al. Natural computing series, Springer, Germany 2005). Optimization was done on all experimental curves for the first method and on one average experimental curve per developmental stage in the second. The 4-week stage was studied in two subgroups (a) and (b) due to distinct differences in mechanical properties. Intrinsic mechanical properties of the growth plate varied nonlinearly with developmental stage. Both methods showed that transverse and out-of-plane Young's moduli (E (1), E (3)) decrease with developmental stage, whereas transverse permeability (k (1)) increases. The exception is a sharp increase in stiffness and reduction in permeability at the 4W(a) stage, which may be associated with rapid porcine developmental changes at the 3-4 week period. The second method provides a more reliable representation of the average mechanical behavior, whereas the first method allows statistical comparison of optimized mechanical properties. This study characterizes, for the first time, the variation in growth plate mechanical properties for the same animal (porcine) and bone (ulna) model with developmental stage and provides new insight into the progression of musculoskeletal diseases during growth spurts in response to mechanical loading.

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of the porcine growth plate vary with developmental stage

Wosu

Sergerie

Lévesque

et al. 2011

Biomech Model Mechanobiol

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“…,10th percentile: generation 1 (G1) L; n 5 4) and the heaviest (G1 N; n 5 4) female piglets from each litter were selected to enter the generation study. It should be noted that although the heaviest female pigs in each litter were selected, their birth weight did not exceed the 90th percentile for weight for our normal population of pigs (Corson et al, 2008) and so they were classified as normal birth weight pigs (i.e. .20th , 80th percentile for body weight).…”

Section: Animals and Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that glucose is the main energy substrate for foetal metabolism (Battaglia and Meschia, 1978), it seems feasible that mothers who themselves were SGA would exhibit poor glucose homoeostasis in pregnancy, leading to a reduction in reproductive performance. Indeed, it has been demonstrated that glucose curve characteristics following a glucose tolerance test (GTT) in late pregnancy can, to some extent, be used to predict total litter performance of sows (Kemp et al, 1996;Corson et al, 2008). It remains to be established whether glucose tolerance in the pre-pregnant state can also be used as a reliable indicator of reproductive performance, thus supporting the intrauterine programming hypothesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergenerational effects of birth weight on glucose tolerance and reproductive performance

Corson

Laws

Litten

et al. 2009

Animal

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Women who were themselves small-for-gestational age (SGA) are at a greater risk of adulthood diseases such as non-insulindependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and twice at risk of having an SGA baby themselves. The aim of this study was to examine the intergenerational pig. Low (L) and normal (N) birth weight female piglets were followed throughout their first pregnancy (generation 1 (G1)). After they had given birth, the growth and development of the lightest (l) and heaviest (n) female piglet from each litter were monitored until approximately 5 months of age (generation 2 (G2)). A glucose tolerance test (GTT) was conducted on G1 pig at , 6 months of age and again during late pregnancy; a GTT was also conducted on G2 pigs at , 4 months of age. G1 L offspring exhibited impaired glucose metabolism in later life compared to their G1 N sibling but in the next generation a similar scenario was only observed between l and n offspring born to G1 L mothers. Despite G1 L mothers showing greater glucose intolerance in late pregnancy and a decreased litter size, average piglet birth weight was reduced and there was also a large variation in litter weight; this suggests that they were, to some extent, prioritising their nutrient intake towards themselves rather than promoting their reproductive performance. There were numerous relationships between body shape at birth and glucose curve characteristics in later life, which can, to some extent, be used to predict neonatal outcome. In conclusion, intergenerational effects are partly seen in the pig. It is likely that some of the intergenerational influences may be masked due to the pig being a litter-bearing species.

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“…Percentile growth curves have been widely used in many medical and health care areas for humans [9, 12, 15, 22, 24, 25] and animals [4, 13]. The construction of percentile growth curves has been investigated for Thoroughbred horses [5, 11], where percentile body weight charts for Thoroughbreds were available.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical Percentile Growth Curves with Z-scores Considering Seasonal Compensatory Growths for Japanese Thoroughbred Horses

Onoda

Yamamoto

Sawamura³

et al. 2013

JES

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Percentile growth curves are often used as a clinical indicator to evaluate variations of children’s growth status. In this study, we propose empirical percentile growth curves using Z-scores adapted for Japanese Thoroughbred horses, with considerations of the seasonal compensatory growth that is a typical characteristic of seasonal breeding animals. We previously developed new growth curve equations for Japanese Thoroughbreds adjusting for compensatory growth. Individual horses and residual effects were included as random effects in the growth curve equation model and their variance components were estimated. Based on the Z-scores of the estimated variance components, empirical percentile growth curves were constructed. A total of 5,594 and 5,680 body weight and age measurements of male and female Thoroughbreds, respectively, and 3,770 withers height and age measurements were used in the analyses. The developed empirical percentile growth curves using Z-scores are computationally feasible and useful for monitoring individual growth parameters of body weight and withers height of young Thoroughbred horses, especially during compensatory growth periods.

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Percentile growth charts for biomedical studies using a porcine model

Cited by 12 publications

References 40 publications

Mechanical properties of the porcine growth plate vary with developmental stage

Mechanical properties of the porcine growth plate vary with developmental stage

Intergenerational effects of birth weight on glucose tolerance and reproductive performance

Empirical Percentile Growth Curves with Z-scores Considering Seasonal Compensatory Growths for Japanese Thoroughbred Horses

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