Percentile Values for Muscular Strength Field Tests in Children Aged 6 to 17 Years: Influence of Weight Status

Castro‐Piñero, José; González-Montesinos, José Luis; Mora, Jesús; Keating, Xiaofen D.; Girela-Rejón, María José; Sjöstróm, Michael; Ruiz, Jonatan R.

doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181b8d5c1

Cited by 152 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…All these studies, in particular, have observed increased performance values for strength (e.g., Hand-grip), power (e.g., standing broad jump), agility (e.g., 4 × 10-m shuttle run), muscular endurance (e.g., Sit-ups), and endurance (e.g., 20 m shuttle run test) [27,28]. The reported tests are all included in our ASSO FTB, except for the endurance measures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Fitness Evaluation of School Children in Southern Italy: A Cross Sectional Evaluation

Thomas

Palma

2018

JFMK

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Abstract:The aim of this work was to evaluate the fitness levels of different physical components in schoolchildren in southern Italy and identify age-related effects of physical performance. One hundred and fifty-four schoolchildren with ages ranging between 6 and 10 years (age 8.1 ± 1.45 years; 33.70 ± 10.25 kg; 131.50 ± 13.60 cm) were recruited for the investigation. Each scholar underwent a fitness-test battery composed of five elements. A Hand-Grip Strength Test to assess the strength of the hand muscles, a Standing Broad Jump Test to assess lower body explosive strength, a Sit-Up Test to exhaustion to evaluate abdominal muscular endurance, a 4 × 10-m Shuttle Run Test to assess agility, and a 20-m sprint test to assess speed. Cross-sectional analysis revealed that boys perform better than girls and that age affects performance. Lower limb measures show a significant increase after 8 years of age, whereas upper limb measures show a significant increase at 7 and 10 years of age. No age-related differences were found in muscular endurance measures. It is possible to consider age-related performance measures to program exercise interventions that follow the growth characteristics of schoolchildren.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Fitness Evaluation of School Children in Southern Italy: A Cross Sectional Evaluation

Thomas

Palma

2018

JFMK

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“…Finally, P 50 of 20mSRT was 48.1 ml kg − 1 min − 1 vs 47.3 ml kg − 1 min − 1 for Spanish and European boys, respectively, and 46.7 ml kg − 1 min − 1 vs 46.2 ml kg − 1 min − 1 for Spanish and European girls, respectively. Castro-Pinero et al 44 published percentile values for muscular strength (standing long jump) 43 and CRF (20mSRT, stages) in children and adolescents from Cadiz (Spain) aged 6-17 years. Our results are also comparable to those from Castro-Pinero et al 43,44 for those children aged 6-9 years.…”

Section: S63mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Castro-Pinero et al 44 published percentile values for muscular strength (standing long jump) 43 and CRF (20mSRT, stages) in children and adolescents from Cadiz (Spain) aged 6-17 years. Our results are also comparable to those from Castro-Pinero et al 43,44 for those children aged 6-9 years. For example, P 50 of standing long jump was 111.6 cm vs 120.5 cm for Spanish and European boys, respectively, and 114.8 cm vs 110.7 cm for Spanish and European girls, respectively.…”

Section: S63mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical fitness reference standards in European children: the IDEFICS study

et al. 2014

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on behalf of the IDEFICS consortium BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: A low fitness status during childhood and adolescence is associated with important health-related outcomes, such as increased future risk for obesity and cardiovascular diseases, impaired skeletal health, reduced quality of life and poor mental health. Fitness reference values for adolescents from different countries have been published, but there is a scarcity of reference values for pre-pubertal children in Europe, using harmonised measures of fitness in the literature. The IDEFICS study offers a good opportunity to establish normative values of a large set of fitness components from eight European countries using common and well-standardised methods in a large sample of children. Therefore, the aim of this study is to report sex-and age-specific fitness reference standards in European children. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Children (10 302) aged 6-10.9 years (50.7% girls) were examined. The test battery included: the flamingo balance test, back-saver sit-and-reach test (flexibility), handgrip strength test, standing long jump test (lower-limb explosive strength) and 40-m sprint test (speed). Moreover, cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by a 20-m shuttle run test. Percentile curves for the 1st, 3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, 97th and 99th percentiles were calculated using the General Additive Model for Location Scale and Shape (GAMLSS). RESULTS: Our results show that boys performed better than girls in speed, lower-and upper-limb strength and cardiorespiratory fitness, and girls performed better in balance and flexibility. Older children performed better than younger children, except for cardiorespiratory fitness in boys and flexibility in girls. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide for the first time sex-and age-specific physical fitness reference standards in European children aged 6-10.9 years.

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“…According to this definition, isometric contractions or high intensity low volume contractions can be considered accurate and reliable methods to assess strength. According to our search criteria, the systematic review highlighted a mainly adopted test for the assessment of upper body maximal strength: the HG, with a number of 10 retrieved records [66,124,[139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146] (Table 3). Other tests found through the bibliographic search were: the 30 s push-up test, the arm-hang test and the handheld myometer tests (this last test is equivalent to the hand grip strength predictiveness test), the push-up to failure test, the pull-up test and the overhead medicine ball throw [117,127,128 2014 cross-sectional n.a.…”

Section: Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review to determine reliability and usefulness of the field-based test batteries for the assessment of physical fitness in adolescents – The ASSO Project

Bianco¹,

Jemni²,

Thomas³

et al. 2015

Int J Occup Med Environ Health

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The aim of the present review is to investigate the main field-based tests, used alone or included in sport or fitness batteries, for the assessment of health-and skill-related physical fitness components in adolescents. Different scientific databases were searched through using the selected key words related to physical fitness and its components for adolescence. The search focused on original articles and reviews/meta-analyses using valid, reproducible and feasible tests that fit within the school environment. A total of 100 scientific manuscripts were included in the qualitative synthesis. The present systematic review pointed out 5 fitness tests that well adapt to the evaluation of the components of physical fitness of adolescents within a school environment: the 20 m shuttle run test for cardio-respiratory endurance; the handgrip strength test for upper body maximal strength; the standing broad jump test for lower body maximal strength; the sit-up test to exhaustion for muscular endurance and the 4×10 m shuttle run test for speed, agility and coordination. These fitness tests have been finally selected and incorporated into the Adolescents and Surveillance System for the Obesity prevention -Fitness Test Battery (ASSO-FTB), and will be adopted within the ASSO Project for evaluation purposes. This instrument could be also provided to teachers and people working in schools in order to assess physical fitness of adolescents over time and prevent obesity and related diseases.

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Percentile Values for Muscular Strength Field Tests in Children Aged 6 to 17 Years: Influence of Weight Status

Cited by 152 publications

References 44 publications

Physical Fitness Evaluation of School Children in Southern Italy: A Cross Sectional Evaluation

Physical Fitness Evaluation of School Children in Southern Italy: A Cross Sectional Evaluation

Physical fitness reference standards in European children: the IDEFICS study

A systematic review to determine reliability and usefulness of the field-based test batteries for the assessment of physical fitness in adolescents – The ASSO Project

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