This article aims to present the importance of oral health in people's lives as well as in the context of the Unified Health System (SUS) and highlight the relevance of this public health system for the low-income population in Brazil. Brazil has a significant portion of the population living in a situation of socioeconomic vulnerability, and oral health is essential for people's general well-being and quality of life. During this research, the relevance of public policies in the area of oral health will be presented. It will be emphasized that many oral pathologies are considered public health problems due to their high prevalence and severity, as well as the impact that these pathologies have on people's lives. The research used the hypothetical-deductive method with bibliographical research and literature analysis that deals with the perspective of oral health in Brazil with a focus, as already mentioned, on populations in situations of economic vulnerability. At the end of the research, it was found that having effective public policies aimed at meeting oral health demands is of fundamental importance for promoting human dignity, as well as for citizens' quality of life. However, unfortunately, Brazil does not guarantee universal access for its population in a state of social vulnerability.