Perception and use of Pap smear screening among rural and urban women in Romania

Grigore, Mihaela; Popovici, Răzvan; Pristavu, Anda; Grigore, Ana Maria; Matei, Mioara; Gafiţanu, Dumitru

doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckx112

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Low coverage is directly affected by the targeted population, and accordingly, there have been numerous studies in various countries evaluating the awareness, perception, and knowledge of the population in regard to HPV, cervical cancer screening programs and vaccination programs [141,172,205,209,219,247,251,255,258,283,320,321]. These studies also highlight the importance of health care providers, general practitioners and gynecologists, both in opportunistic screening and in organized programs [128,207,327].…”

Section: The Current Landscape Of Cervical Cancer Screening In Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical Cancer Screening Programs in Europe: The Transition Towards HPV Vaccination and Population-Based HPV Testing

Chrysostomou

Stylianou

Constantinidou

et al. 2018

Viruses

202

172

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Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequently occurring cancer in women around the world and can affect them during their reproductive years. Since the development of the Papanicolaou (Pap) test, screening has been essential in identifying cervical cancer at a treatable stage. With the identification of the human papillomavirus (HPV) as the causative agent of essentially all cervical cancer cases, HPV molecular screening tests and HPV vaccines for primary prevention against the virus have been developed. Accordingly, comparative studies were designed to assess the performance of cervical cancer screening methods in order to devise the best screening strategy possible. This review critically assesses the current cervical cancer screening methods as well as the implementation of HPV vaccination in Europe. The most recent European Guidelines and recommendations for organized population-based programs with HPV testing as the primary screening method are also presented. Lastly, the current landscape of cervical cancer screening programs is assessed for both European Union member states and some associated countries, in regard to the transition towards population-based screening programs with primary HPV testing.

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Section: The Current Landscape Of Cervical Cancer Screening In Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical Cancer Screening Programs in Europe: The Transition Towards HPV Vaccination and Population-Based HPV Testing

Chrysostomou

Stylianou

Constantinidou

et al. 2018

Viruses

202

172

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“…Women do not identify risk factors for cervical cancer, less than half of the women studied have ever heard about HPV, and many less perceive the link between cervical cancer and HPV (Robison et al., 2014). Some studies have suggested that women with higher educational levels, those older and married and the ones who have had an abnormal Pap test result usually know more about cervical cancer and its prevention (Anwar et al., 2018; Grigore et al., 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women’s knowledge and attitudes towards cervical cancer prevention: A qualitative study in the Spanish context

Borrull-Guardeño

Sebastiá-Laguarda

Donat-Colomer

et al. 2021

Journal of Clinical Nursing

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Aims and objectives: To explore the knowledge, attitudes and practices related to cervical cancer and its prevention in Spain.Background: Worldwide, women's knowledge about cervical cancer is low, and their attitudes towards its prevention are good, but they do not correlate with the screening uptake. Although the rates of Spanish women performing cervical cancer screening are mostly acceptable, their knowledge and attitudes about it have not been explored.Design: Qualitative descriptive study.Methods: Three focus groups were conducted, with 21 women aged 25 to 65 years.Participants were recruited through convenience sampling. For intragroup homogeneity, women participated in age groups. The COREQ reporting guidelines were used.Results: Women expressed their knowledge about cervical cancer was low. None of the participants identified the human papillomavirus as a cause of cervical cancer, nor did they mention the vaccine as a preventive measure. They all knew about the screening existence, but not about its frequency nor target population. About the attitudes and practice, 18 women had an appropriate screening, and they were favourable to this health check, claiming an increase in its frequency. Nineteen women claimed they had not received enough information from the healthcare system and a lack of social awareness in comparison with breast cancer. They demanded from the professionals more health education, a reminder of their appointments and a report of the Pap test results. Conclusions:There was a self-perceived low level of knowledge about cervical cancer risk factors and its prevention in the participants. However, they expressed favourable attitudes towards screening, and they demanded more information about cervical cancer and its prevention measures, and they regretted its low social awareness.Relevance to clinical practice: Midwives, general nurses and other nurse specialists may have a leading position in health education for cervical cancer prevention in different population levels.

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“…However, the authors of the qualitative study argued that the main barrier was the screening system itself, which they said was not tailored to the targeted audience. Another study on the national screening program found significant differences between women in rural and urban areas in terms of knowledge and acceptance of the Pap smear (Grigore et al 2017). The authors noted that 97.5 percent of women in urban areas and 92 per-cent of women in rural areas had heard about the test.…”

Section: Risky Behavior Appears To Be a Contributing Factor Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Romania Gender Assessment

Alidadi¹,

Hernandez²,

Nozaki³

et al. 2018

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This Country Gender Assessment presents a broad picture of the main gender disparities in Romania. It defines gender equality in terms of access to opportunities, that is, equality in rights, resources, and voice among women and men (World Bank 2007). Gender equality is a core development objective in its own right, and it is also smart economics. Greater gender equality pays off by helping advance a host of development goals, such as improvements in children's health and education and better labor outcomes for adults, at the same time boosting overall economic growth (Morrison, Raju, and Sinha 2007 and World Bank 2011). For example, gender gaps in the Romanian labor market may be harming aggregate productivity due to inefficient use of female potential. These gaps are estimated to potentially lower gross income per capita by 11.53 percent in the short run and 12.63 percent in the long run (Cuberes and Teignier 2016). 1 The report builds on the framework provided by the World Development Report 2012: Gender Equality and Development (World Bank 2011 and WDR 2012) and the World Bank's Gender Strategy (FY16-23), titled "Gender Equality, Poverty Reduction, and Inclusive Growth" (World Bank 2015). According to the WDR 2012, gender equality is a result of gains in three domains: (1) human endowments, notably health and education, (2) economic opportunity, as measured by participation in economic activities and access to and control of key productive assets, and (3) voice and agency, as expressed in political participation, freedom from gender-based violence, and the ability to make key decisions. These three outcome dimensions are shaped by interactions among households, markets, formal institutions such as schools and government ministries, and informal institutions such as gender roles, beliefs, 1 About 58 percent of this loss in GDP per capita derives from distortions in occupations held by women relative to men. The remaining 42 percent corresponds to the costs associated with gaps in labor force participation. The model estimation implies that two factors lead to the income loss. First, a misallocation of entrepreneurial talent reduces the productivity of the economy. Second, women's lower participation in the market leads to the underutilization of the available human capital.

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Perception and use of Pap smear screening among rural and urban women in Romania

Abstract: Because the uptake and the success of cervical cancer screening are determined by women's knowledge and awareness of Pap smear, it is critical to improve these perceptions in the near future especially in rural area characterized by a low socio-economic status.

Cited by 16 publications

References 14 publications

Cervical Cancer Screening Programs in Europe: The Transition Towards HPV Vaccination and Population-Based HPV Testing

Cervical Cancer Screening Programs in Europe: The Transition Towards HPV Vaccination and Population-Based HPV Testing

Women’s knowledge and attitudes towards cervical cancer prevention: A qualitative study in the Spanish context

Romania Gender Assessment

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