Perception of coercion: A pilot study using the Swedish version of the Admission Experience Scale

Abstract

Perception of coercion. A pilot study using the Swedish version of the Admission Experience Scale. Nord J Psychiatry 1997;51:The Admission Experience Scale (AES) has been translated into Swedish and tested in a small pilot study comprising 20 patients. As some difficulties wen found, the AES was complemented with a structured clinical interview. The modified scale was used on 75 patients, voluntarily or involuntarily admined to a psychiatric clinic. The mean score of the AES was 4.h3.8, with a higher total score for involuntarily committed patients. A principal component analysis was performed, and four factors with an eigenvalue above 1.0 wefc found. The four factors cover different aspects of the experience of admission. Three individual items dealing with force and h a t showed a significant difference between voluntarily and involuntarily admitted patients. Subjects and methods PatientsThe series comprises 75 consecutive inpatients from the Department of Psychiatry, Uppsala University Hospital, 24 men and 51 women with a mean age of 46.52 16.1 1 years. Sixty-seven of the patients were voluntarily admitted, and 8 were committed for treatment.All included subjects gave informed consent to participate in the study. EthicsThe study was approved by the local research ethical committee. Informed consent was given by all patients included in the study. Admission Experience Scale (AES)The original AES was constructed by Gardener et al. (7). It comprises 15 items, answered yes or no.Nord J Psychiatry Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by University of California Irvine on 11/04/14For personal use only.

The Admission Experience Survey Italian Version (I-AES): A factor analytic study on a sample of 156 acute psychiatric in-patients

“…To the best of our knowledge, there is just one other study evaluating Italian psychiatric patients' subjective experience of coercion during hospital treatment (Fiorillo et al, 2012). Our results extend the existing data on the subjective experience of coercion in psychiatric hospitalization (Anestis et al, 2013;Bindman et al, 2005;Fiorillo et al, 2012;Fu et al, 2008;Gardner et al, 1993;Gowda et al, 2016;Guarda et al, 2007;Hiday et al, 1997;Iversen et al, 2002;Mielau et al, 2016;O'Brien & Golding, 2003;Poulsen, 1999;Seigel et al, 2009;Sorgaard, 2004) and provide an empirical factorial structure of the AES.…”

“…Among the tools used to measure psychiatric patients' perceived coercion, including the Cantril Ladder (Fiorillo et al, 2012;Iversen et al, 2002;Kjellin et al, 2004;Poulsen, 1999;Sorgaard, 2004), the Coercion Experience Scale (Bergk, Einsiedler, Flammer, & Steinert, 2011;Borgeat & Zullino, 2004;Guzmán-Parra et al, 2018;Mielau et al, 2016;Steinert, Birk, Flammer, & Bergk, 2013), and the Nordic Admission Interview (Iversen et al, 2002;Iversen, Hoyer, & Sexton, 2007;Kjellin et al, 2004), the most widely used is the Admission Experience Survey (AES) (Anestis et al, 2013;Bindman et al, 2005;Fiorillo et al, 2012;Fu, Chow, & Lam, 2008;Gardner et al, 1993;Gowda, Noorthoorn, Kumar, Nanjegowda, & Math, 2016;Guarda et al, 2007;Hiday et al, 1997;Iversen et al, 2002;Mielau et al, 2016;Poulsen, 1999;Seigel, Wallsten, Torsteinsdottir, & Lindström, 2009).…”

“…The AES showed good psychometric characteristics and proved useful for measuring subjective coercion in different psychiatric clinical settings (Gardner et al, 1993). Researchers and clinicians from different countries chose the AES to measure patients' perception of coercion (Anestis et al, 2013;Bindman et al, 2005;Fiorillo et al, 2012;Fu et al, 2008;Gardner et al, 1993;Gowda et al, 2016;Hiday et al, 1997;Iversen et al, 2002;Iversen et al, 2007;Mielau et al, 2016;O'Donoghue et al, 2011;Poulsen, 1999;Seigel et al, 2009;Strack & Schulenberg, 2009;Svindseth et al, 2007), and the scale has been translated into different languages (Fu, Chow, & Lam, 2008;Gardner et al, 1993;Golay et al, 2017;Seigel, Wallsten, Torsteinsdottir, & Lindström, 2009).…”

Satisfaction and coercion among voluntary, persuaded/pressured and committed patients in acute psychiatric treatment

“…More than 40 years ago sociologist Freidson commented on the complexities of psychiatric help seeking in this way ‘…the whole process of seeking help involves a network of potential consultants, from the intimate and informal confines of the nuclear family through successively more select, distant, and authoritative layman, until the professional is reached’’ (1: 557). This has some consequences for the understanding of psychiatric admissions: admissions formally categorized as voluntary may be the result of persuasion and pressure from the person's social network or from professionals (3–6), and some committed patients may actually want treatment (4, 7). The legal dichotomy voluntary vs. compulsory admissions may in a social perspective more appropriately be understood as a continuum, with advice, rumours, professional recommendations, pressure and threats appearing as processes on a continuous scale.…”

Service Users' Experiences of Voluntary Admission to Mental Hospital: A Review of Research Literature

“…High levels of perceived coercion were correlated in a number of studies with experiences of threats, force and having a poor relationship with others involved in the admission process Iversen Anestis et al, 2013;Bennett et al, 1993;Bindman et al, 2005;Bonsack and Borgeat, 2005;Cascardi and Poythress, 1997;Eriksson and Westrin, 1995;Fiorillo et al, 2012;Gardner et al, 1999;Gilburt et al, 2008;Haglund and von Essen, 2005;Hoge et al, 1993Hoge et al, , 1997Hoge et al, , 1998Iversen et al, 2002;Kallert et al, 2011;Kaltiala-Heino et al, 1997;Katsakou et al, 2011;Kjellin et al, 1993Kjellin et al, , 1997Kjellin et al, , 2004Kjellin et al, , 2006Koivisto, Janhonen, and Vaisanen, 2004;Lidz et al, 1995Lidz et al, , 1998Lidz et al, , 2000Lidz, Mulvey, Arnold, Bennett, and Kirsch, 1993;Lomax et al, 2012;McKenna et al, 1999McKenna et al, , 2001Miedema and Stoppard, 1994;Nicholson et al, 1996;O'Donoghue, Roche, Ranieri et al, 2013;Poulsen, 1999Poulsen, , 2002Poulsen and Engberg, 2001;Rogers, 1993;Seigel, Wallsten, Torsteinsdottir, and Lindstr€ om, 1997;Shee...…”