Perception of Intellectual Capital and Its Impact on Business Sustainability: Evidence from Small, Medium, and Large Enterprises

Abstract

The main goal of this article is to analyze the level of differentiation of awareness and knowledge among managers of small, medium and large enterprises in the scope of the essence and meaning of intellectual capital as well as the influence of its elements on the sustainable development of enterprises in Poland. Intellectual capital is perceived as a key resource of an enterprise. It is also one of the most valuable resources of an enterprise, which enables its sustainable development. It is critical base of organization’s innovative and strategic sustainability. This article is based around the results of a survey conducted in 2019 among 1,067 enterprises operating in Poland. For the purposes of the verification of the statistical hypothesis, the classical chi-squared test of independence has been applied along with the analysis of variations for fuzzy numbers (FANOVA) with an assumed level of significance α = 0.05. The assessment of the influence of the elements of intellectual capital on the sustainable development of enterprises has been conducted with the application of fuzzy conversion scales. In fuzzy conversion scales, points are most often expressed as triangular or trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. The conducted research indicates a difference between theory and practice in the field of intellectual capital management among enterprises in Poland. On the one hand managers declare awareness of the importance of the influence of intellectual capital on the development of enterprises in Poland, whereas on the other hand, a significant majority of them state that they have not implemented an intellectual capital management strategy at their enterprises and neither identify nor measure this capital or its elements.

Implementing the Concept of Sustainable Development in an Organisation and Leadership Style – Selected Aspects

“…Employees would not be motivated to get involved in achieving the results set by the leader and, consequently, it would not be possible to fulfil the made assumptions in full (Moszoro, 2011;Wilmanowicz, 2012). Above all, it is for this reason that it is necessary to jointly create a vision, according to which the company operates in the spirit of sustainable development, and to enable subordinates to actively participate in the implementation of the strategy and the systematic evaluation of its results, thus adopting a participative style of management, where participation and participation are among the employee motivation tools (Gross--Gołacka et al, 2021).…”

Intellectual Capital Evaluation Index Based on a Hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Technique

“…With the added concepts of spiritual capital [7] and the intangible assets of enterprises, enterprise intellectual capital was put forward as a concept in business management [8]. Moreover, the coexistence and influence of different intellectual capital elements are considered important for the sustainable development of enterprises [9].…”

The impacts of intellectual capital and entrepreneurship orientation on business performance

“…This is in line with the resource base value (RBV) as our theoretical framework. Several empirical studies have demonstrated that intellectual capital is a strategic asset and significantly affects organizational performance in various fields and perspectives, including universities (Anggraini et al, 2018b(Anggraini et al, , 2018aBrusca et al, 2019;Pedro et al, 2022), banking (Castro et al, 2021;Chahal & Bakshi, 2016;Pernamasari & Sugiyanto, 2021), manufacturing (Rosario & Mazumdar, 2022;Subagyo & Waluyo, 2020;Tsai & Mutuc, 2020;Xu & Liu, 2020), and entrepreneurship (Al-Jinini et al, 2019;Arshad et al, 2014;Demartini & Beretta, 2020;Gross-Gołacka et al, 2021). Furthermore, prior studies have explored the critical role of IC in the hospitality tourism industry (Aboushouk & Tamamm, 2021;Bontis et al, 2015;Kim et al, 2012;Rudež, 2021;Zeglat & Zigan, 2013).…”