Perception of Privacy Measured in the Crowd — Paired Comparison on the Effect of Background Noises

Abstract

Voice based devices and virtual assistants are widely integrated into our daily life, but the growing popularity has also raised concerns about data privacy in processing and storage. While improvements in technology and data protection regulations have been made to provide users a more secure experience, the concept of privacy continues to be subject to enormous challenges. We can observe that people intuitively adjust their way of talking in a human-to-human conversation, an intuition that devices could benefit from to increase their level of privacy. In order to enable devices to quantify privacy in an acoustic scenario, this paper focuses on how people perceive privacy with respect to environmental noise. We measured privacy scores on a crowdsourcing platform with a paired comparison listening test and obtained reliable and consistent results. Our measurements show that the experience of privacy varies depending on the acoustic features of the ambient noise. Furthermore, multiple probabilistic choice models were fitted to the data to obtain a meaningful ordering of noise scenarios conveying listeners' preferences. A preference tree model was found to fit best, indicating that subjects change their decision strategy depending on the scenarios under test.

Privacy in smart speakers: A systematic literature review

“…The factors that influence privacy concerns range from the sensitivity of the information that may leak through smart speakers, 34,31 the level of anthropomorphism of the devices, 34 the incomplete understanding of privacy risks, 3 the trust relationship with speaker companies, 3 the environment (especially the ambient noise), 38 and the general attitude towards privacy 44 . A thorough analysis in Lutz and Newlands 33 leads to the identification of seven privacy concerns.…”

“…The papers cover the whole trajectory that starts with factors driving privacy concerns, examines the level of perception of privacy-related problems, and ends with the impact of those concerns on users' behavior. A review examining all these stages is contained in Bolton et al 10 The factors that influence privacy concerns range from the sensitivity of the information that may leak through smart speakers, 34,31 the level of anthropomorphism of the devices, 34 the incomplete understanding of privacy risks, 3 the trust relationship with speaker companies, 3 the environment (especially the ambient noise), 38 and the general attitude towards privacy. 44 A thorough analysis in Lutz and Newlands 33 leads to the identification of seven privacy concerns.…”