Perception of stress and cognitive efficiency in older adults with mild and moderate dementia during the COVID-19-related lockdown

Paolini, Simone; Devita, Maria; Epifania, Ottavia M.; Anselmi, Pasquale; Sergi, Giuseppe; Mapelli, Daniela; Coin, Alessandra

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110584

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Thus, it was expected that it would immediately impact the population as a whole with severe psychological and cognitive implications. Indeed, our findings are in line with previous literature on COVID-19 which report the presence of cognitive decline in the short [ 20 , 42 , 53 ], medium [ 49 , 52 , 61 ], and long-term periods [ 50 , 92 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…As reported in Table 1 , we identified the negative effects of COVID-19 lockdown measures on cognitive functions in 12 out of 16 studies. In particular, during the first four months of COVID-19 lockdown measures (short period), a worsening in cognitive performance was reported in four out of seven studies in different neurological populations [ 25 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. In particular, in most of the patients, a decline in cognitive functions resulted from the MMSE, while in Tsatali et al [ 44 ], a worsening in learning and phonemic fluency in people with MCI and AD was reported.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown Measures and COVID-19 Infection on Cognitive Functions: A Review in Healthy and Neurological Populations

Manfredini

Pisano

Incoccia

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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The COVID-19 pandemic severely affected people’s mental health all over the world. This review aims to present a comprehensive overview of the literature related to the effects of COVID-19 lockdown measures and COVID-19 infection on cognitive functioning in both healthy people and people with neurological conditions by considering only standardized tests. We performed a narrative review of the literature via two databases, PUBMED and SCOPUS, from December 2019 to December 2022. In total, 62 out of 1356 articles were selected and organized into three time periods: short-term (1–4 months), medium-term (5–8 months), and long-term (9–12 months), according to the time in which the tests were performed. Regardless of the time period, most studies showed a general worsening in cognitive performance in people with neurological conditions due to COVID-19 lockdown measures and in healthy individuals recovered from COVID-19 infection. Our review is the first to highlight the importance of considering standardized tests as reliable measures to quantify the presence of cognitive deficits due to COVID-19. Indeed, we believe that they provide an objective measure of the cognitive difficulties encountered in the different populations, while allowing clinicians to plan rehabilitation treatments that can be of great help to many patients who still, nowadays, experience post-COVID-19 symptoms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown Measures and COVID-19 Infection on Cognitive Functions: A Review in Healthy and Neurological Populations

Manfredini

Pisano

Incoccia

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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“…As for the topic of cognition and its alterations, particularly in the elderly, concerning memory loss, several authors have explored this theme, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies by Kiely, Brady, and Byles (2019), Barber andKim (2021), Fiorenzato et al (2021), Mattioli et al (2021), Paolini et al (2021), Menze et al (2022), and Vernuccio et al (2022) have contributed significantly to our understanding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Cognition as a part of mental health in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic: impacts on the elderly

Cenedesi Júnior,

Fernandes,

Malta

et al. 2023

CLCS

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The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented challenges, and one of the most critical aspects of this global crisis is its impact on the mental and cognitive health of people, particularly the elderly. This analysis delves into the intricate relationship between the pandemic and mental and cognitive health, emphasizing the importance of understanding and addressing these effects in a demographic group often more vulnerable to the consequences of the disease and social distancing measures. Throughout the exposition, various key aspects of mental health are addressed, from its definition as a state of holistic well-being to its connection with social, economic, and cultural factors. It is stressed that mental health extends beyond the mere absence of mental disorders and influences not only the individual but also the community as a whole. The article presents evidence on the impact of social distancing, particularly confinement, as an essential measure to control the virus's spread. While effective in terms of physical health, it has also been shown to be a source of concern for the mental health of the population, especially among the elderly. The analysis suggests that confinement has led to increased sedentary behavior and physical inactivity, which can have negative effects on both physical and mental health, particularly in vulnerable groups. Additionally, concerns and anxieties related to one's own health and that of loved ones in the context of a pandemic are highlighted. Excessive focus on bodily vigilance and constant worry about possible symptoms have contributed to widespread psychological distress, further underscoring the need to address mental health during a pandemic. The article takes a pedagogical and didactic approach by dividing human development into physical, emotional, and cognitive aspects, with a focus on cognitive aspects as the core of the analysis. It explores cognition and its relation to information processing and knowledge acquisition, leading to an understanding of the human mind and the importance of its adaptability. Research on memory loss in the elderly, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, sheds light on the complexity of cognition and how factors like attention, motivation, emotional load, and lifestyle can influence memory. While changes in short-term memory are observed, it is emphasized that semantic memory tends to remain stable, highlighting the multifaceted nature of cognition. The analysis also explores gender differences in mental and cognitive health, noting that elderly women may be more prone to experiencing mental disorders, while mortality-related impacts are more severe in elderly men. However, it is emphasized that these patterns vary by country and other social contexts, highlighting the need to address mental health in a contextualized manner. Finally, the article addresses the relationship between chronic diseases and cognitive effects, with current evidence being diverse. Some studies suggest a positive association, while others do not find a significant relationship. Additionally, the importance of physical activity in maintaining the mental and cognitive health of the elderly is emphasized. In conclusion, the analysis provides a comprehensive view of mental and cognitive health during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting its importance and the various factors that influence it. Furthermore, it underscores the need to address these aspects holistically to ensure better well-being for the elderly, both during and after the pandemic.

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“…Due to the risk posed by the residents (Fang et al, 2020), nursing homes adapted their organization to implement measures to reduce the risk of contagion (Spanish State Official Newsletter, 2020b), such as confinement and restriction of visitors. Confinement has been associated with increased stress and worsening cognitive ability in residents with dementia (Paolini et al, 2021). In addition, restriction of visits has been one of the measures applied internationally in nursing homes (Palacios‐Ceña et al, 2021; Verbeek et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relatives experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study set in Spanish locked‐down nursing homes

Salcedo‐Pérez‐Juana

García‐Bravo

Jiménez‐Antona

et al. 2022

Japan Journal Nursing Sci

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Aim To describe the experience of relatives of residents with dementia residing in locked‐down nursing homes during the first outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic, concerning their relationships with nurses and the nursing care applied. Methods A qualitative descriptive study was carried out and purposive sampling was applied. Participants were first‐ and second‐degree relatives of residents with dementia, who lived permanently in a nursing home and who were admitted prior to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Sixteen participants, of which 10 were women (mean age 57.1 years), participated in the study. Data were collected through in‐depth interviews and reflective notes, using a digital platform. An inductive thematic analysis was carried out. This study was approved by the University Research Ethics Committee and followed the COREQ guidelines. The Guba and Lincoln criteria (credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability) were applied for quality control. Results Families' relationships with nurses before the first wave relied on closeness and involvement in care. Families had difficulty maintaining a close relationship with nurses due to turnover and lack of time. The nursing care applied in the first wave resulted in limited family access to the nursing home, limited contact time with residents, and limited close physical contact. Conclusions The first outbreak has affected the relationships among relatives and nurses in nursing homes. Changes should be made in the organization of care within nursing homes in order to adapt to restrictions due to the pandemic.

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Perception of stress and cognitive efficiency in older adults with mild and moderate dementia during the COVID-19-related lockdown

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown Measures and COVID-19 Infection on Cognitive Functions: A Review in Healthy and Neurological Populations

The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown Measures and COVID-19 Infection on Cognitive Functions: A Review in Healthy and Neurological Populations

Cognition as a part of mental health in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic: impacts on the elderly

Relatives experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study set in Spanish locked‐down nursing homes

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