“…The main objective of this study is to analyse and determine the validity and reliability of the TBL-SAI and TPS in measuring students' perception of TBL and PBL application in the course. TBL and PBL have gradually become important teaching approaches in healthcare and medical curricula (Burgess et al, 2020;Ibrahim & Sleem, 2019), namely the fields of nursing (Alberti et al, 2021;Burton et al, 2021), pharmacy (Nation, 2016;Tweddell et al, 2020), and health management (Azizam et al, 2019) in recent years. Simultaneously, UiTM has been highly encouraging innovative delivery methods in teaching and assessments, such as online learning, blended learning, and PBL.…”