Perception of the postural vertical in normals and subjects with labyrinthine defects.

Clark, Brant; Graybiel, Ashton

doi:10.1037/h0045606

Cited by 45 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Data from both labyrinthine-defective and labyrinthine-intact subjects suggest that the errors after prolonged body tilt are due to adaptation of somesthetic (proprioceptive and cutaneous) cues (Clark & Graybiel, 1963, 1964. We do not know whether adaptation of these same cues has similar effects on orientation in illuminated environments.…”

Section: Spatial Orientation In the Darkmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The presence of main effects on body orientation for initial bed pitch, box pitch, and goal orientation, with no significant interactions of initial bed pitch with either box pitch or goal orientation, suggests an independent contribution of starting position to body orientation. Since starting position bias is probably due to adaptation of somesthetic cues (Clark & Graybiel, 1963, 1964Howard & Templeton, 1966), and since a lO-sec delay at the starting position probably adapts cutaneous, but not proprioceptive, cues (Nemire, 1992), we presume that the adapted cutaneous information about body orientation is evaluated independently of visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive information to determine the perception of body position. We do not propose that nonadapted cutaneous spatial cues are evaluated independently of information provided by other sensory systems; however, we do not rule out the possibility.…”

Section: Initial Bed Pitch and Box Pitchmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Visual and somesthetic influences on postural orientation in the median plane

Nemire

Cohen

1993

Perception & Psychophysics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We investigated optic and somesthetic contributions to perceived body orientation in the pitch dimension. In a within-subject factorial design, each of 12 subjects attempted to set his/her body erect or 45°back from erect while restrained in a movable bed surrounded by an adjustable box. The box provided a visual environment consisting of either a grid pattern, two luminous lines, or complete darkness. Both the grid pattern and the luminous lines were effective at biasing settings of body position when the box was pitched; the pitched grid was more effective than the pitched lines. Although the pitch of the box influenced orientation to both goals, the effect was greater for the diagonal goal than for the erect goal. We present a model of postural orientation in the median plane that involves vestibular, somatosensory, and visual inputs.

show abstract

Section: Spatial Orientation In the Darkmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Initial Bed Pitch and Box Pitchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual and somesthetic influences on postural orientation in the median plane

Nemire

Cohen

1993

Perception & Psychophysics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Interestingly, patients with lesions of the vestibular system behave in exactly the opposite manner. They exhibit visualvestibular dysfunction with a perceptual tilt of the visual vertical, but have no difficulty orienting their body to an earth-vertical, upright position [1,5,15,25]. This double dissociation argues for a neural pathway in humans for sensing the orientation of gravity and controlling upright body posture, separate from the well-known visual-vestibular system for perceiving the orientation of the visual world.…”

Section: A Second Graviceptive System In Humansmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…After being rotated to a random starting offset in the frontal plane, subjects are asked to indicate when repositioning the chair brings their body in an earth-vertical upright position. Interestingly, neither cortical nor peripheral lesions of the vestibular system affect correct perception of the SPV [1,5,15,25]. Despite concurrent vertigo, vection, and tilt of the SVV, patients with e.g.…”

Section: The Pathogenesis Of Contraversive Pushingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pusher Syndrome – a frequent but little-known disturbance of body orientation perception

Karnath

2007

J Neurol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Disturbances of body orientation perception after brain lesions may specifically relate to only one dimension of space. Stroke patients with "pusher syndrome" suffer from a severe misperception of their body's orientation in the coronal (roll) plane. They experience their body as oriented 'upright' when it is in fact markedly tilted to one side. The patients use the unaffected arm or leg to actively push away from the un-paralyzed side and resist any attempt to passively correct their tilted body posture. Although pusher patients are unable to correctly determine when their own body is oriented in an upright, vertical position, they seem to have no significant difficulty in determining the orientation of the surrounding visual world in relation to their own body. Pusher syndrome is a distinctive clinical disorder occurring characteristically after unilateral left or right brain lesions in the posterior thalamus and -less frequently- in the insula and postcentral gyrus. These structures thus seem to constitute crucial neural substrates controlling human (upright) body orientation in the coronal (roll) plane. A further disturbance of body orientation that predominantly affects a single dimension of space, namely the transverse (yaw) plane, is observed in stroke patients with spatial neglect. Apparently, our brain has evolved separate neural subsystems for perceiving and controlling body orientation in different dimensions of space.

show abstract

“…Third, settings of postural vertical (B. Clark & Graybiel, 1963) and visual horizontal (B. Clark & Graybiel, 1967) did not differ between the labyrinthine-defective and the normal subjects.…”

Section: Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apparent body tilt and postural aftereffect

Higashiyama

Koga

1998

Perception & Psychophysics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Apparent orientation of the body tilted laterally in the frontal plane was studied with the methods of absolute judgments in four experiments. In Experiment 1, 17 subjects, who maintained the normal adaptation of body to gravity,estimated their body tilts under the condition of seeing the gravitational vertical and under the condition of eliminating it. The results showed that (1) there was not a significant difference between the two conditions and (2) the small tilts of less than 45°were exactly estimated, whereas the large tilts of 45°-108°were overestimated. In Experiment 2, 10subjects estimated their body tilts under three velocities of a rotating chair on which each subject was placed. Although both body tilt and chair velocity were found to influence tilt estimation, the effect of body tilt was overwhelmingly greater than that of chair velocity. In Experiment 3, 11 subjects adapted their bodies to a 72°left tilt for 10 min and then estimated various body tilts around the adapting tilt. The estimations obtained under the 72°adaptation were lower than those obtained under the 0°adaptation, and this reduction was greater for the test tilt that was farther away from the adapting tilt. In Experiment 4, 11 subjects adjusted their own body tilts to designated angles. The results confirmed the outcomes of absolute estimation in Experiments 1-3. From these findings and past literature, the judgments of body tilt were considered to be subserved by a single sensory process that was based on the cutaneous and muscular proprioceptors, rather than the vestibular and joint proprioceptors. 331We investigated apparent orientation of the body by tilting it laterally in the frontal plane.' The first concern was to establish psychophysical scale for body tilt under normal adaptation of the body to gravity. The second concern was to explore the processes and proprioceptors that make the perception ofbody tilt possible. For the latter concern, we made use of postural aftereffects or postural persistence: the sense of position of a limb, the head, or the eyes that may be temporarily affected when an asymmetrical posture is maintained for some time (F. 1. Clark & Horch, 1986;Howard, 1982). In this study, after being placed at a certain fixed tilt for some time, the subjects judged their various body tilts around the fixed tilt. On the basis of extent and magnitude of postural aftereffects, we assessed how many processes (single or double) exert in the perception of body tilt. Moreover, we considered how the processes are related to the nonvisual proprioceptors, such as the cutaneous, vestibular, joint, and muscular proprioceptors.?One conventional method of measuring apparent body tilt is to have the subject indicate his or her apparent bodyThe authors are grateful to Y.Ohta, who helped collect the data of Experiments 2 and 3, and to K. Shimono, who critically read the earlier manuscript. Correspondence should be addressed to K. Koga, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho Nagoya 464-0 I, Japan...

show abstract

Perception of the postural vertical in normals and subjects with labyrinthine defects.

Cited by 45 publications

References 15 publications

Visual and somesthetic influences on postural orientation in the median plane

Visual and somesthetic influences on postural orientation in the median plane

Pusher Syndrome – a frequent but little-known disturbance of body orientation perception

Apparent body tilt and postural aftereffect

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About