Perception of youth in East Malaysia (Sabah) towards the Malaysia national covid-19 immunisation programme (PICK)

Dollah, Ramli; Jafar, Adi; Joko, Eko Prayitno; Sakke, Nordin; Mapa, Mohammad Tahir; Atang, Colonius; Hung, Chong Vun; George, Fionna

doi:10.55131/jphd/2022/200116

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This initiative aims to vaccinate 80 percent (23.6 million) of Malaysia's population by February 2022 [17]. According to Kwok et al, 85 percent of herd immunity can only be achieved after a minimum of 55 percent of the population in an area is vaccinated [18]. On the other hand, Kadkhoda opined that the chain of the pandemic spread can only be broken if 60 to 90 percent of the population is vaccinated [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Malaysia: Exploring factors and identifying highly vulnerable groups

et al. 2022

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Vaccine hesitancy is a global health challenge in controlling the virulence of pandemics. The prevalence of vaccine hesitancy will put highly vulnerable groups, such as the elderly or groups with pre-existing health conditions, at a higher risk, as seen with the outbreak of the pandemic Covid-19. Based on the trends of vaccine hesitancy in the state of Sabah, located in East Malaysia, this study seeks to identify several variables that contribute to vaccine hesitancy. In addition to this, this study also determines which groups are affected by vaccine hesitancy based on their demographics. This study is based on a sampling of 1,024 Sabahan population aged 18 and above through an online and face-to-face questionnaire. The raw data was analysed using the K-Means Clustering Analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Mann-Whitney U Test, Kruskal-Wallis Test, and frequency. The K-Means Clustering found that more than half of the total number of respondents (Cluster 2 = 51.9%) tend to demonstrate vaccine hesitancy. Based on the PCA analysis, six main factors were found to cause vaccine hesitancy in Sabah: confidence (var(X) = 21.6%), the influence of local authority (var(X) = 12.1%), ineffectiveness of mainstream media (var(X) = 8.4%), complacency (var(X) = 7.4%), social media (var(X) = 6.4%), and convenience issues (var(X) = 5.8%). Findings from both Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests demonstrate that several factors of group demographics, such as employment status, level of education, religion, gender, and marital status, may explain the indicator of vaccine hesitancy. In particular, specific groups tend to become vaccine hesitancy such as, unemployed, self-employed, students, male, single, level of education, and Muslim. Findings from this empirical study are crucial to inform the relevant local authorities on the level of vulnerability among certain groups in facing the hazards of COVID-19. The main contribution of this study is that it seeks to analyse the factors behind vaccine hesitancy and identifies which groups more likely hesitant toward vaccines based on their demographics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Malaysia: Exploring factors and identifying highly vulnerable groups

et al. 2022

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“…The Malaysian government pledged its commitment toward the COVID-19 Vaccine Global Access (COVAX) partnership, which the World Health Organization (WHO) spearheaded ( 5 ). The administration of COVID-19 vaccines in Malaysia was administered via the National COVID-19 Vaccine Immunization Program (Program Imunisasi COVID-19 Kebangsaan – PICK), which began on 24 February 2021 ( 8 )– ( 9 ). There were three vaccines first introduced to the country vaccination program, namely AZD1222 (AstraZeneca), BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech), and CoronaVac (Sinovac) ( 8 , 9 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing parents’ hesitancy to vaccinate their children aged 5–11 years old against COVID-19: results from a cross-sectional study in Malaysia

Marzo

Chakraborty

Soh

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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IntroductionVaccination programs have been rolled out across the globe to contain and mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 infection. Until recently, such programs were limited to adults and the older population, thereby limiting children from getting vaccinated. Recently, the Malaysian government rolled out vaccination for children aged 5–11 years. However, there are certain factors that might affect vaccination uptake among children. This study explores factors influencing parents’ hesitancy to vaccinate children in Malaysia.MethodA nationwide online cross-sectional convenience sampling survey from April 21, 2022 to June 3, 2022 was conducted. The study used descriptive statistics to inform about vaccine hesitancy among parents. Cross-tabulation was performed to calculate the frequency and percentage of vaccine hesitancy, quality of life, e-health literacy, and the 5C psychological antecedents of vaccination among parents with children 5-11 years in Malaysia. Graphical methods were used to portray the levels of e-health literacy and levels of 5C psychological antecedents of vaccination. The study used both bi-variate and multivariate analysis to understand the relationship between vaccine hesitancy and the socio-demo-economic factors, quality of life, e-health literacy and 5C psychological antecedents.ResultsOf 382 participants, almost one-third (33%) of participants reported vaccine hesitancy for their children. For 5C’s psychological antecedents of vaccination, around one quarter (26.96%) reported disagreement for confidence in vaccination, almost half (52.36%) reported disagreement for vaccination complacency, three-fifths (60.99%) reported vaccination constraint, one quarter (25.92%) reported calculation antecedent, and almost one-third reported disagreement over collective responsibility antecedent (25.92%). Chi-square test revealed that gender, employment status, and parents’ COVID-19 vaccination status were significantly associated (p<0.05) with vaccine hesitancy among parents. Assessing the influence of transactional e-health literacy, only the communication component contained a significant association (p<0.05). Among the 5C psychological antecedents, confidence, calculation, and collective responsibility were significantly associated (p<0.05) with vaccine hesitancy. Parents with secondary [OR: 8.80; CI: 2.44−31.79, (p<0.05)], post-secondary [OR: 5.21; CI: 2.10-13.41, (p<0.05)], and tertiary education [OR: 6.77; CI: 2.25−20.35, (p<0.05)] had significantly higher likelihood of vaccine hesitancy than those with primary education.ConclusionHighly educated parents are more skeptical and are more likely to perceive the vaccine as unsafe and ineffective for their children. It is critical to disseminate the required information about the vaccine safety to the educated group.

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“…All these factors affect the viability and efficacy of learning environments. In the state of Sabah, where all these aforementioned problems exist, the situation became an educational crisis when Malaysia began to impose a national lockdown in March 2020 to control the spread of the pandemic of COVID-19 [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. The pandemic of COVID-19 caused a global educational crisis [ 14 ], particularly in developing countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Learning during COVID-19: Exploring Challenges and Identifying Highly Vulnerable Groups Based on Location

Jafar

Dollah

Dambul

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Amid the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the year 2020, educational platforms have been forced to change and adapt from conventional physical learning to virtual learning. Nearly all higher learning institutions worldwide are forced to follow the new educational setting through virtual platforms. Sabah is one of the poorest states in Malaysia with the poorest infrastructure, with the technology and communication facilities in the state remaining inept. With the changes in virtual platforms in all higher education institutions in Malaysia, higher learning institutions in Sabah are expected to follow the lead, despite the state lagging in its development. This has certainly impacted the overall productivity and performance of students in Sabah. Therefore, this study aims to explore the challenges of the implementation of virtual learning among students in Sabah. More specifically, this study seeks to identify vulnerable groups among students based on their geographical location. To achieve the objective of this study, a survey has been conducted on a total of 1,371 students in both private and public higher learning institutions in Sabah. The sample selection for this study was determined using a purposive sampling technique. Based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA), it was found that there are five challenges in virtual learning faced by students in higher learning institutions in Sabah. These are the unconducive learning environment (var(X) = 20.12%), the deterioration of physical health (var(X) = 13.40%), the decline of mental health (var(X) = 12.10%), the limited educational facilities (var(X) = 10.14%) and social isolation (var(X) = 7.47%). The K-Means Clustering analysis found that there are six student clusters in Sabah (Cluster A, B, C, D, E & F), each of which faces different challenges in participating in virtual learning. Based on the assessment of location, almost half of the total number of districts in Sabah are dominated by students from Cluster A (9 districts) and Cluster B (4 districts). More worryingly, both Cluster A and Cluster B are classified as highly vulnerable groups in relation to the implementation of virtual learning. The results of this study can be used by the local authorities and policymakers in Malaysia to improve the implementation of virtual learning in Sabah so that the education system can be more effective and systematic. Additionally, the improvement and empowerment of the learning environment are crucial to ensuring education is accessible and inclusive for all societies, in line with the fourth of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG-4).

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Perception of youth in East Malaysia (Sabah) towards the Malaysia national covid-19 immunisation programme (PICK)

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Malaysia: Exploring factors and identifying highly vulnerable groups

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Malaysia: Exploring factors and identifying highly vulnerable groups

Factors influencing parents’ hesitancy to vaccinate their children aged 5–11 years old against COVID-19: results from a cross-sectional study in Malaysia

Virtual Learning during COVID-19: Exploring Challenges and Identifying Highly Vulnerable Groups Based on Location

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