Perceptions and use of recovery strategies: Do swimmers and coaches believe they are effective?

Shell, Stephanie J.; Slattery, Katie M.; Clark, Bradley C.; Broatch, James R.; Halson, Shona L.; Kellmann, Michael; Coutts, Aaron J.

doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1770925

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The most common method of CWI (i.e. "choice to control for temperature" and "target water temperature") differed between sports, highlighting discordance previously reported [45]. Interestingly, the experience of the respondents showed no bearings over their choice of methods, opinion on CWI for recovery or knowledge of benefit and mechanisms.…”

Section: Cohort Analysismentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The importance of knowledge transfer has previously been discussed [44]. Indeed, it was recently reported that a low belief in the efficacy of CWI for recovery may be because of a discordance within the associated literature [45]. Therefore, the aim of this survey is to assess the current perception, knowledge, and use/prescription of CWI by athletes, coaches, and performance support practitioners.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Athlete, coach and practitioner knowledge and perceptions of post-exercise cold-water immersion for recovery: a qualitative and quantitative exploration

et al. 2021

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This survey sought to establish current use, knowledge and perceptions of cold-water immersion (CWI) when used for recovery. 111 athletes, coaches and support practitioners completed the anonymous online survey, answering questions about their current CWI protocols, perceptions of benefits associated with CWI and knowledge of controlling mechanisms. Respondents were largely involved in elite sport at international, national and club level, with many having used CWI previously (86%) and finding its use beneficial for recovery (78%). Protocols differed, with the duration of immersion one aspect that failed to align with recommendations in the scientific literature. Whilst many respondents were aware of benefits associated with CWI, there remains some confusion. There also seems to be a gap in mechanistic knowledge, where respondents are aware of benefits associated with CWI, but failed to identify the underlying mechanisms. This identifies the need for an improved method of knowledge transfer between scientific and applied practice communities. Moreover, data herein emphasises the important role of the ‘support practitioner’ as respondents in this role tended to favour CWI protocols more aligned to recommendations within the literature. With a significant number of respondents claiming they were made aware of CWI for recovery through a colleague (43%), the importance of knowledge transfer and context being appropriately applied to data is as important as ever. With the firm belief that CWI is useful for recovery in sport, the focus should now be on investigating the psychophysiological interaction and correct use of this methodology.

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Section: Cohort Analysismentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Athlete, coach and practitioner knowledge and perceptions of post-exercise cold-water immersion for recovery: a qualitative and quantitative exploration

et al. 2021

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“…In 2019, worldwide sales of CGs reached 5 million pieces with an overall value of $45 million [21]. Although a study showed that swimmers generally preferred active recovery over the use of CGs as the most effective recovery strategy [22], another study in 512 athletes showed that athletes perceived positive effects from wearing CGs [23]. Still, there is no consensus as to whether CGs can increase athletic performance [16,[24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Compression Garments Reduce the Deleterious Effects of Physical Exercise on Muscle Strength? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses

et al. 2022

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Background The use of compression garments (CGs) during or after training and competition has gained popularity in the last few decades. However, the data concerning CGs' beneficial effects on muscle strength-related outcomes after physical exercise remain inconclusive. Objective The aim was to determine whether wearing CGs during or after physical exercise would facilitate the recovery of muscle strength-related outcomes. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted across five databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCOhost). Data from 19 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including 350 healthy participants were extracted and meta-analytically computed. Weighted between-study standardized mean differences (SMDs) with respect to their standard errors (SEs) were aggregated and corrected for sample size to compute overall SMDs. The type of physical exercise, the body area and timing of CG application, and the time interval between the end of the exercise and subsequent testing were assessed. Results CGs produced no strength-sparing effects (SMD [95% confidence interval]) at the following time points (t) after physical exercise: immediately ≤ t < 24 h: − 0.02 (− 0.22 to 0.19), p = 0.87; 24 ≤ t < 48 h: − 0.00 (− 0.22 to 0.21), p = 0.98; 48 ≤ t < 72 h: − 0.03 (− 0.43 to 0.37), p = 0.87; 72 ≤ t < 96 h: 0.14 (− 0.21 to 0.49), p = 0.43; 96 h ≤ t: 0.26 (− 0.33 to 0.85), p = 0.38. The body area where the CG was applied had no strength-sparing effects. CGs revealed weak strength-sparing effects after plyometric exercise. Conclusion Meta-analytical evidence suggests that wearing a CG during or after training does not seem to facilitate the recovery of muscle strength following physical exercise. Practitioners, athletes, coaches, and trainers should reconsider the use of CG as a tool to reduce the effects of physical exercise on muscle strength. Trial Registration Number PROSPERO CRD42021246753.

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“…Research in swimming tends to investigate technical aspects of performance, [9][10][11] as opposed to swimming coaching methods. Recent research into coaching practices have reported findings detailing recovery strategies employed by swimming coaches, 12 performance analysis methods used in training to monitor skill progression 1 and coaches thoughts on specific stroke techniques. 13 Although frameworks exist for skill acquisition methods, 14,15 these are not specific to swimming training.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coaching practices to develop underwater fly kick performance in swimming training

Thompson

Warner

Hudson

et al. 2022

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching

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This study assessed current swimming coaching practices surrounding underwater fly kick. Ten elite coaches completed face-to-face interviews, and 56 coaches completed an online survey. Coaches use a range of methods both in and out of the pool to develop key aspects of fly kick. Sixty eight percent of coaches reported they do not have access to resources that would aid with their ability to develop fly kick. Results show that coaches are considering a range of variables when attempting to improve fly kick, with the three most important highlighted as kick frequency, kick symmetry and coordination. Coordination is reported as the variable presenting the greatest difficulties when coaching due to athlete's physical restrictions and individual differences, as well as difficulties in coaching proprioception. Coaches are using a variety of resources to inform their approaches in underwater fly kick, but report coach certification and education resources as having the lowest influence on their coaching methods. Generally, results indicate a lack of skill acquisition knowledge and education in underwater fly kick. Reflecting upon coaches’ views and approaches allows for further research to develop understanding of interventions used to improve fly kick, and aids with the transfer of key research findings into practice.

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Perceptions and use of recovery strategies: Do swimmers and coaches believe they are effective?

Cited by 17 publications

References 29 publications

Athlete, coach and practitioner knowledge and perceptions of post-exercise cold-water immersion for recovery: a qualitative and quantitative exploration

Athlete, coach and practitioner knowledge and perceptions of post-exercise cold-water immersion for recovery: a qualitative and quantitative exploration

Can Compression Garments Reduce the Deleterious Effects of Physical Exercise on Muscle Strength? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses

Coaching practices to develop underwater fly kick performance in swimming training

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