Perceptions of air quality and concern for health in relation to long-term air pollution exposure, bushfires, and COVID-19 lockdown: A before-and-after study

Cobbold, Alec; Crane, Melanie; Knibbs, Luke D.; Hanigan, Ivan; Greaves, Stephen; Rissel, Chris

doi:10.1016/j.joclim.2022.100137

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Public air quality advisories and warnings are intended precisely for this purpose: to help people, and especially vulnerable groups, avoid the negative health impacts of air pollution. 1 Learning of heightened air pollution levels may reduce people's subjective evaluation of local air quality (Cori et al 2020;Cobbold et al 2022) and increase people's anxiety, leading to more risk-averse behaviors Keltner 2000, 2001) and a lower willingness to engage in political activities (Kam 2012;Brooks 2014) which involve physical exertion outdoors, such as marches. 2 Additionally, air pollution may reduce political participation by depressing people's perceptions of external efficacy.…”

Section: Air Pollution and Political Participationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air pollution is associated with lower levels of social movement participation, especially among well-resourced communities.

Hunnicutt¹,

Henderson²

2022

Preprint

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Does experiencing pollution mobilize or dampen political participation? Extant theory and historical evidence offer competing answers, and empirically resolving this tension is difficult because pollution and politics are endogenous. We partner with a prominent political action organization in the United States to collect data on commitments to participate in their events. We then use wind speed as an instrument to estimate the effect of surface-level particulate matter concentrations on participation across 414 counties in the Western United States. Our results show that exposure to air pollution undermines political participation, likely through people experiencing and anticipating pollution's health effects. This negative relationship is strongest among relatively high-income and pro-Democratic counties -- the counties which, theoretically, face the lowest barriers to collective action. Our study yields important insights for scholars of political participation, policy feedback, and environmental justice. By undermining the prospects mass mobilization and systemic change, pollution may beget more pollution.

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Section: Air Pollution and Political Participationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air pollution is associated with lower levels of social movement participation, especially among well-resourced communities.

Hunnicutt¹,

Henderson²

2022

Preprint

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“…Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) is a major component of air pollution produced primarily by combustion processes, such as motor vehicles, power plants and industrial facilities [ 6 ]. There has been an increasing number of epidemiological studies exploring the potential association between NO 2 exposure and the incidence, hospitalization and mortality of cerebrovascular disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residential Nitrogen Dioxide Exposure and Cause-Specific Cerebrovascular Mortality: An Individual-Level, Case-Crossover Study

Qian,

Cai,

et al. 2023

Toxics

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Background: Existing studies have already shown a connection between nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure and cerebrovascular mortality. However, the differential effects of NO2 on cerebrovascular disease and its subtypes remain unclear and require further exploration. Methods: Daily stroke mortality data between 2013 and 2021 in Shanghai, China were collected. Residential daily air pollution data for each decedent were predicted from a satellite model. An individual-level, time-stratified, case-crossover design was applied to examine the relationship between NO2 exposure and cerebrovascular mortality. A combination of conditional logistic regression and distributed lag models with a maximum lag of 7 days was used for data analysis. Results: A total of 219,147 cases of cerebrovascular mortality were recorded. Among them, the proportion of sequelae of cerebrovascular disease, hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke was 50.7%, 17.1% and 27.5%, respectively. The monotonic increases in mortality risks of cerebrovascular diseases, sequelae of cerebrovascular disease and ischemic stroke were observed, without any discernible thresholds. Each 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2 concentration was associated with increments of 3.62% [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.56%, 4.69%] for total cerebrovascular mortality, 4.29% (95% CI: 2.81%, 5.80%) for sequelae of cerebrovascular disease mortality and 4.30% (95% CI: 2.30%, 6.33%) for ischemic stroke mortality. No positive associations between NO2 exposure and hemorrhagic stroke mortality were observed. A greater risk of NO2 was observed in the warm season, in patients with less than 9 years of education and in those with single marital status. The effects of NO2 were robust to mutual adjustment of co-pollutants. Conclusions: Short-term exposures to NO2 may increase the risk of cerebrovascular mortality, specifically for ischemic stroke and sequelae of cerebrovascular disease.

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“…NO 2 is a typical gaseous ambient air pollutant from motor vehicles, fossil fuel plants, indoor gas stoves, and tobacco smoking [ 14 , 15 ]. A meta-analysis combining different countries and including more than 23 million participants confirmed that NO 2 exposure could increase both the incidence and mortality risk of stroke [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Term Effects of Low-Level Ambient Air NO2 on the Risk of Incident Stroke in Enshi City, China

Chen

Wang²,

Hu³

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Previous studies found that exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was associated with an increased risk of incident stroke, but few studies have been conducted for relatively low NO2 pollution areas. In this study, the short-term effects of NO2 on the risk of incident stroke in a relatively low-pollution area, Enshi city of Hubei Province, China, were investigated through time-series analysis. Daily air-pollution data, meteorological data, and stroke incidence data of residents in Enshi city from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2018 were collected. A time-series analysis using a generalised additive model (GAM) based on Poisson distribution was applied to explore the short-term effects of low-level NO2 exposure on the risk of incident stroke and stroke subtypes, as well as possible age, sex, and seasonal differences behind the effects. In the GAM model, potential confounding factors, such as public holidays, day of the week, long-term trends, and meteorological factors (temperature and relative humidity), were controlled. A total of 9122 stroke incident cases were included during the study period. We found that NO2 had statistically significant effects on the incidence of stroke and ischemic stroke, estimated by excess risk (ER) of 0.37% (95% CI: 0.04–0.70%) and 0.58% (95% CI: 0.18–0.98%), respectively. For the cumulative lag effects, the NO2 still had a statistically significant effect on incident ischemic stroke, estimated by ER of 0.61% (95% CI: 0.01–1.21%). The two-pollutant model showed that the effects of NO2 on incident total stroke were still statistically significant after adjusting for other air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO, and O3). In addition, the effects of NO2 exposure on incident stroke were statistically significant in elderly (ER = 0.75%; 95% CI: 0.11–1.40%), males (ER = 0.47%; 95% CI: 0.05–0.89%) and cold season (ER = 0.83%; 95% CI: 0.15–1.51%) subgroups. Our study showed that, as commonly observed in high-pollution areas, short-term exposure to low-level NO2 was associated with an increased risk of incident stroke, including ischemic stroke. Males and elderly people were more vulnerable to the effects of NO2, and the adverse effects might be promoted in the cold season.

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Perceptions of air quality and concern for health in relation to long-term air pollution exposure, bushfires, and COVID-19 lockdown: A before-and-after study

Cited by 13 publications

References 53 publications

Air pollution is associated with lower levels of social movement participation, especially among well-resourced communities.

Air pollution is associated with lower levels of social movement participation, especially among well-resourced communities.

Residential Nitrogen Dioxide Exposure and Cause-Specific Cerebrovascular Mortality: An Individual-Level, Case-Crossover Study

Short-Term Effects of Low-Level Ambient Air NO2 on the Risk of Incident Stroke in Enshi City, China

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