Perceptions of clients by professional helpers.

Wills, Thomas A.

doi:10.1037/0033-2909.85.5.968

Cited by 133 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 171 publications

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“…It is known that practitionersÕ own distress can affect their interaction with patients in a negative way. For example, their distress may be sometimes manifested in pessimism about their patients (e.g., Wills, 1978). Thus, work conditions may also have affected how physicians communicated with their patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physician–patient interaction: a gynecology clinic in Turkey

Üskül

Ahmad

2003

Social Science & Medicine

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Evidence for gender differences in physiciansÕ communication with their patients comes primarily from Western countries. Little is known about whether these gender differences would also be observed in Turkey, where there are explicit rules about male-female conduct. The purpose of this study was to observe male and female gynecologistsÕ communication with their patients in a gynecology clinic at a state hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. Four male and three female gynecologists were observed in their interaction with 70 patients over 10 days. The observations were conducted during both the history taking and the actual examination sessions by a woman researcher. The results reported in this paper are based on the extensive field notes taken during the observations. Important differences were revealed in interactions between male versus female gynecologists and their patients. Namely, interactions differed in terms of conversation initiation, communication style, use of technical and colloquial language, frequency of eye contact, patience, and provision of information. Communication characteristics specific to interactions between male gynecologists and their patients included a Ôblaming the victimÕ approach, differential treatment of patients, and underestimation of patientsÕ abilities. Environmental factors that affected physiciansÕ interaction with their patients are reported in conjunction with physiciansÕ use of these external factors to explain the problems they experienced in physicianpatient interaction. The discussion focuses on alternative explanations for and future research implications of the observed differences between male and female gynecologists in this setting. Keywords: physician-patient communication, gynecology clinic, TurkeyPhysician-Patient Interaction 3 Physician-patient interaction: A gynecology clinic in Turkey A consultation between a health professional and a patient is a social encounter. As in every social encounter, the gender of the participants is one determining factor in this interaction.Gender differences in communication in non-clinical settings are well documented in both psychological and sociological literature (e.g. Coates, 1986;Kramarae, 1981). Likewise, studies in clinical settings have begun to document gender differences among physicians in specialist and primary care communication (Hall, Irish, Roter, Ehrlich, & Muller, 1994a).Existing research on gender differences in physician-patient communication comes primarily from Western parts of the world. Research in this subject area has rarely been conducted in developing parts of the world where communication between men and women can be more challenging. Consequently, the research presented in this paper is an observational study conducted in a gynecology clinic at a teaching hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. The objective of this study was to describe and compare male and female gynecologistsÕ communication with their patients. The larger context in which physician-patient interaction takes place was also observed in o...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physician–patient interaction: a gynecology clinic in Turkey

Üskül

Ahmad

2003

Social Science & Medicine

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“…This is important given that helping behaviors are not always appreciated by the intended beneficiaries (Penner et al, 2005). Considerable research reveals that the act of giving help can lead recipients to feel incompetent, dependent, vulnerable, threatened, embarrassed, and helpless (Fisher, Nadler, & Whitcher-Alagna, 1982;Lee, 1997Lee, , 2002, reactions that lead to negative rather than positive states for the helper (Pines, 1982;Rosen, Mickler, & Collins, 1987;Wills, 1978). Moreover, it is common for employees to attempt to help others but fail in providing the level or type of help that is needed (e.g., Marshall, Barnett, & Sayer, 1997).…”

Section: The Buffering Role Of Perceived Prosocial Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doing good buffers against feeling bad: Prosocial impact compensates for negative task and self-evaluations

Grant

Sonnentag

2010

Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes

188

148

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a b s t r a c tAlthough evidence suggests that negative task and self-evaluations are associated with emotional exhaustion, little research has examined factors that buffer against these effects. We propose that perceived prosocial impact, the experience of helping others, compensates for negative task and self-evaluations by focusing attention on positive outcomes for others. In Study 1, perceived prosocial impact attenuated the associations of low intrinsic motivation and core self-evaluations with emotional exhaustion among professional fundraisers. Study 2 replicated these results among public sanitation employees and extended them to supervisor performance ratings. Mediated moderation analyses indicated that by protecting against emotional exhaustion, perceived prosocial impact compensated for low intrinsic motivation and core self-evaluations to predict higher performance ratings. Our studies extend theory and research on burnout, helping, and citizenship.

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“…patient's likability. Next to perceived treatability and manageability, perceived likability (i.e., the degree to which the patient is liked by an individual) contributes to the perception of patients' characteristics [32,42]. Previous studies, using vignettes, have demonstrated that observers attribute more severe symptoms (i.e., more pain, distress and disability) to liked than to disliked patients [4,36,37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%