Perceptions of Control Influence Feelings of Boredom

Struk, Andriy A.; Scholer, Abigail A.; Danckert, James

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.687623

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Evidence has been provided by a study based on a rock–paper–scissors game. It revealed that a loss of control induced by a streak of losses was perceived as annoying and resulted in the highest boredom [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Loss of Control to Social Exclusion: ERP Effects of Preexposure to a Social Threat in the Cyberball Paradigm

et al. 2022

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Previous studies indicated that the onsets of different social threats, such as threats to ”belonging” and “control”, are inconsistent with the subjective beliefs of social participation and require readjustment of expectations. Because a common cognitive system is assumed to be involved, the adjustment triggered by the experience of a single social threat should affect the processing of subsequent social interactions. We examined how preexposure to a loss of control affected social exclusion processing by using the Cyberball paradigm. An event-related brain component (P3) served as a probe for the state of the expectancy system, and self-reports reflected the subjective evaluations of the social threats. In the control group (n = 23), the transition to exclusion elicited a significant P3 effect and a high threat to belonging in the self-reports. Both effects were significantly reduced when the exclusion was preceded by preexposure to a loss of control (EG1disc, n = 23). These effects, however, depend on the offset of the preexposure. In case of a continuation (EG2cont, n = 24), the P3 effect was further reduced, but the threat to belonging was restored. We conclude that the P3 data are consistent with predictions of a common expectancy violation account, whereas self-reports are supposed to be affected by additional processes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Loss of Control to Social Exclusion: ERP Effects of Preexposure to a Social Threat in the Cyberball Paradigm

et al. 2022

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“…As such, typical tasks are not extremely easy to solve, so that a very high level of control rarely occurs (e.g., Dicintio & Gee, 1999;Goetz et al, 2006Goetz et al, , 2012. However, a recent experimental study showed that boredom in fact occurred in situations characterized by very high as well as very low perceived control (Struk et al, 2021).…”

Section: Antecedentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Test boredom: Exploring a neglected emotion.

Goetz¹,

Bieleke²,

Yanagida³

et al. 2023

Journal of Educational Psychology

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The emotion of boredom has sparked considerable interest in research on teaching and learning, but boredom during tests and exams has not yet been examined. Based on the control-value theory of achievement emotions, we hypothesized that students may experience significant levels of boredom during testing ("test boredom"; Hypothesis 1) and that test boredom may be significantly related to theoretically hypothesized antecedents (control and value appraisals; Hypothesis 2) and outcomes ( performance; Hypothesis 3). We further hypothesized that test boredom was more detrimental when students felt overchallenged during the test than when they felt underchallenged ("abundance hypothesis"; Hypothesis 4). We tested these hypotheses in two studies (Study 1: N = 208 eighth graders; 54% female; Study 2: N = 1,612 fifth to 10th graders, 47% female) using both trait and state measures of test boredom in mathematics and their proposed antecedents and outcomes. In support of Hypothesis 1, participants reported statistically significant levels of boredom during tests. Furthermore, the relations of test boredom with its control and value antecedents (i.e., being over-or underchallenged, facets of value) were in line with our assumptions (Hypothesis 2). In support of Hypothesis 3, test boredom was significantly negatively related to academic achievement (grades). In line with Hypothesis 4, test scores were negatively related to boredom due to being overchallenged but unrelated, or even positively related, to boredom due to being underchallenged. Directions for future research on test boredom as well as practical implications are outlined.

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“…The former refers to the experience of being excluded or ignored by individuals or social groups (Williams, 2009 ); the latter refers to the inability to choose a preferred option or being overruled (Inesi et al, 2011 ; Rotter, 1966 ). These threats can jeopardize fundamental human needs, such as “belonging,” “self-esteem,” “control,” and “meaningful existence.” Consequently, these threats can lead to negative arousal and affect both physical and mental health (Baumeister & Leary, 1995 ; DeWall et al, 2011 ; Leotti et al, 2010 ; Struk et al, 2021 ; Williams et al, 2000 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preexposure to one social threat alters responses to another social threat: Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence

Fang,

Kerschreiter,

Yang

et al. 2024

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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A recent Cyberball study has indicated that the experience of loss of control can affect how people process subsequent social exclusion. This “preexposure effect” supports the idea of a common cognitive system involved in the processing of different types of social threats. To test the validity of this assumption in the current study, we reversed the sequence of the preexposure setup. We measured the effects of social exclusion on the subsequent processing of loss of control utilizing event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and self-reports. In the control group (CG, n = 26), the transition to loss of control elicited significant increases in both the P3 amplitude and the self-reported negative mood. Replicating the results of the previous preexposure study, these effects were significantly reduced by the preexposure to an independent social threat (here: social exclusion). In contrast to previous findings, these effects were not modulated by the discontinuation (EG1disc, n = 25) or continuation (EG2cont, n = 24) of the preexposure threat. Given that the P3 effect is related to the violation of subjective expectations, these results support the notion that preexposure to a specific social threat has widespread effects on the individuals’ expectancy of upcoming social participation and control.

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Perceptions of Control Influence Feelings of Boredom

Cited by 9 publications

References 54 publications

From Loss of Control to Social Exclusion: ERP Effects of Preexposure to a Social Threat in the Cyberball Paradigm

From Loss of Control to Social Exclusion: ERP Effects of Preexposure to a Social Threat in the Cyberball Paradigm

Test boredom: Exploring a neglected emotion.

Preexposure to one social threat alters responses to another social threat: Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence

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