Perceptions of Economic and Behavioral Differences Between Blacks and Whites: Racial Attitudes of White Americans and Status Generalization

Kaplowitz, Stan A.; Broman, Clifford L.; Fisher, Bradley J.

doi:10.1177/019027250606900405

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…All have been found to impact the nature and strength of the relationships among racial threat and perceived crime, disorder, and risk (Chiricos et al 2001;Pickett et al 2012). Moreover, it appears to be the coupling of race with both real and perceived socioeconomic disadvantage that heightens the stereotype amplifications associated with the threat of victimization (Brezina and Winder 2003;Kaplowitz, Broman, and Fisher 2006).…”

Section: Gender and The Threat Of Victimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender, Racial Threat, and Perceived Risk in an Urban University Setting

Jacobsen

Miller

Bhardwaj

2020

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency

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Objectives: We provide new insights about the role of gender, race, and place in perceived risk and fear of crime and discuss the possible boundaries of the shadow of sexual assault thesis, which attributes women’s higher levels of fear to their underlying fear of rape across a variety of ecological contexts. Method: Analyses are based on data from in-depth qualitative interviews with 34 undergraduates attending a diverse urban university in a highly disadvantaged community in the northeast. Purposive and theoretical sampling strategies were used, and thematic saturation was achieved. Results: We find striking gender similarities in students’ perceptions of risk and fear of crime in this particular context. Specifically, both women and men drew on their perceptions of disorder in the community when defining the threat of victimization, which they believed was robbery committed by the city’s African American male residents. Conclusions: The gendered shadow of sexual assault was surprisingly absent from students’ discussions, suggesting that it may not be as universal across context as previous research suggests. We argue that microlevel contexts and methodological factors may shape the shadow’s presence, nature, and strength in gendered fear and perceived risk.

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Section: Gender and The Threat Of Victimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender, Racial Threat, and Perceived Risk in an Urban University Setting

Jacobsen

Miller

Bhardwaj

2020

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency

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“…Our dataset is created from a survey of 979 Michigan adults, ranging in age from 18 to 92, conducted in May, June, and July 2010 by Michigan State University's State of the State Survey (SOSS). This survey, which was established in 1994, has provided the data for a large number of published papers, including Davis and Silver (2003), Kaplowitz, Broman, and Fisher (2006), and Skidmore, Ballard, and Hodge (2010). The respondents to this survey are a random sample of the Michigan adult population.…”

Section: Data and Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Perceptions of Economic Inequality on Policy Preferences: Evidence from Michigan

Ballard

Duff

2017

Michigan Academician

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Using survey data from a random sample of the Michigan adult population, we investigate the relationship between individuals' perceptions of income inequality, economic mobility, and labor-market discrimination, and their preferences regarding a wide variety of public policies. These include policies (such as cash payments for the poor) that are economic in nature, as well as other policies (such as abortion and the death penalty) that are not narrowly economic. Our results indicate that perceptions of income inequality, economic mobility, and labor-market discrimination play an important role in explaining the variation in policy preferences. These effects tend to be more important for issues on which the degree of political polarization is relatively small. However, in many cases, these perceptions also have significant effects for issues that are more polarized. Self-reported ideology has no significant effects on preferences toward the policies for which polarization is small, but ideology has large and significant effects for the more highly polarized variables.

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“…1 Empirical work corroborates the fact that, on average, Blacks tend to better approximate objective reality (i.e., have greater accuracy) than Whites (Kaplowitz, Fisher, & Broman, 2003;Lillie-Blanton, Brodie, Rowland, Altman, & McIntosh, 2000;Nelson, Adams, & Salter, 2012; see also Kaplowitz, Broman, & Fisher, 2006).…”

Section: White Americans' Perceptions Of Racismmentioning

confidence: 81%

Examining How Racist Exemplars Shape White Americans’ Perceptions of Racism

Hoffman¹

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Despite recent improvement of race relations in the U.S., racial disparities and intergroup tensions persist. Part of the problem lies in the divergent perceptions of Black and White Americans regarding racism. Relative to Blacks, Whites perceive less racism overall, and they think of racism primarily in terms of individuals, which can have negative consequences for race relations. Although previous work has explored the effects of thinking of racism in individual terms, no work has examined whom people call to mind when they think of racism. The four studies in this dissertation begin to address this gap by examining the individual racists (exemplars) who come to mind, the attributions people make for these individuals, and how these attributions, in turn, shape general perceptions of racism. Study 1 showed that White Americans spontaneously call to mind a variety of individuals when thinking about racism. Studies 2 and 3 examined the causal influence of close vs. distant exemplars on attributions, demonstrating that thinking of close others led to more charitable attributions and, in turn, these attributions were associated with perceptions that racism is not problematic. Study 4 showed that shifting attributions to be more charitable was associated with decreased perceptions of racism as problematic. Moreover, Studies 3 and 4 address and rule out potential alternative explanations for the relationship between closeness and exemplar attributions and perceptions of racism. Taken together, these findings broaden our understanding of White Americans' perceptions of racism and suggest a novel, pernicious way by which close others might negatively impact race relations. It would be an understatement to say that this achievement was anything but a longrunning, concerted effort among many. The unconditional love and support of my family, friends, and mentors have contributed greatly to the person I am today and my passion for the work I do. So, this is not just an acknowledgement for my dissertation. This is a heartfelt expression of gratitude for those who made all things possible. First, I would like to thank the individuals who made this particular process and achievement possible. My dissertation committee members-Sophie Trawalter, Brian Nosek, Benjamin Converse, and Lawrie Balfour-have provided invaluable feedback to this dissertation and to my research goals more broadly. I am especially grateful for my advisor, Sophie Trawalter. I count myself as an especially fortunate graduate student to have Sophie as my advisor. She has set an example of what a brilliant, hard-working, and passionate scholar should be, while also providing the crucial guidance and support needed to propel others to success. Her dedication to conducting important research, coupled with her steadfast work ethic, has always inspired me to work harder and to continue to pursue the difficult research questions, no matter the consequences. Sophie: thank you for taking a chance on me as your first graduate student and for shaping me into the resea...

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Perceptions of Economic and Behavioral Differences Between Blacks and Whites: Racial Attitudes of White Americans and Status Generalization

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

Gender, Racial Threat, and Perceived Risk in an Urban University Setting

Gender, Racial Threat, and Perceived Risk in an Urban University Setting

The Effects of Perceptions of Economic Inequality on Policy Preferences: Evidence from Michigan

Examining How Racist Exemplars Shape White Americans’ Perceptions of Racism

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