Perceptual and Memorial Contributions to Developmental Prosopagnosia

Ulrich, P.; Wilkinson, David T.; Ferguson, Heather J.; Smith, Laura; Bindemann, Markus; Johnston, Robert A.; Schmalzl, Laura

doi:10.1080/17470218.2016.1177101

Cited by 50 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Although DPs sometimes have difficulties on face matching tasks with identical images, this is not always the case (e.g. Le Grand et al, 2006;Ulrich et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yovel, & Duchaine, 2006;Duchaine, Yovel, & Nakayama, 2007;White, Rivolta, Burton, Al-Janabi, & Palermo, 2017), while others failed to find such impairments (e.g. Le Grand et al, 2006;Ulrich et al, 2017). However, because different aspects of perceptual face processing and their possible impairment in DP have so far not been studied systematically, it remains unclear if and to what degree specific deficits in face perception contribute to the face recognition problems experienced by individuals with DP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Holistic face perception is impaired in developmental prosopagnosia

Towler

Fisher

Eimer

2018

Cortex

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Individuals with developmental prosopagnosia (DP) have severe difficulties recognising familiar faces. A current debate is whether these face recognition impairments derive from problems with face perception and in particular whether individuals with DP cannot utilize holistic representations of individual faces. To assess this hypothesis, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) during a sequential face identity matching task where successively presented pairs of upright faces were either identical or differed with respect to their internal features, their external features, or both. Participants with DP and age-matched controls reported on each trial whether the face pair was identical or different. To track the activation of cortical visual face memory representations, we measured N250r components over posterior face-selective regions. N250r components to full face repetitions were strongly attenuated for DPs as compared to control participants, indicating impaired face identity matching processes in DP. In the Control group, the N250r to full face repetitions was superadditive (i.e., larger than the sum of the two N250r components to partial repetitions of external or internal features). This demonstrates that holistic face representations were involved in identity matching processes. In the DP group, N250r components to full and partial identity repetitions were strictly additive, indicating that the identity matching of external and internal features operated in an entirely part-based fashion, without any involvement of holistic representations. In line with this conclusion, DPs also made a disproportionate number of errors on partial repetition trials, where they often failed to report a change of internal facial features. This suggests an atypical strategy for encoding external features as cues to identity in DP. These results provide direct electrophysiological and behavioural evidence for qualitative differences in the representation of face identity in the occipital-temporal face processing system in developmental prosopagnosia.

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“…Although DPs sometimes have difficulties on face matching tasks with identical images, this is not always the case (e.g. Le Grand et al, 2006;Ulrich et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holistic face perception is impaired in developmental prosopagnosia

Towler

Fisher

Eimer

2018

Cortex

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“…However, these three tests are unified on the basis that all focus on the identity processing of unfamiliar faces. The CFMT and CFPT have been used widely and are typically employed to assess impairments in face processing (see, e.g., Bobak, Parris, Gregory, Bennetts, & Bate, 2017;Ulrich et al, 2017;White et al, 2017), as well as superior recognition ability (Bobak, Hancock, & Bate, 2016;Bobak, Parris, et al, 2017;Russell, Duchaine, & Nakayama, 2009). Thus, the CFMT and CFPT provide suitable tests against which performance in the KFMT can be compared.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Kent Face Matching Test

Fysh

Bindemann

2017

British J of Psychology

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105

152

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This study presents the Kent Face Matching Test (KFMT), which comprises 200 same-identity and 20 different-identity pairs of unfamiliar faces. Each face pair consists of a photograph from a student ID card and a high-quality portrait that was taken at least three months later. The test is designed to complement existing resources for face-matching research, by providing a more ecologically valid stimulus set that captures the natural variability that can arise in a person's appearance over time. Two experiments are presented to demonstrate that the KFMT provides a challenging measure of face matching but correlates with established tests. Experiment 1 compares a short version of this test with the optimized Glasgow Face Matching Test (GFMT). In Experiment 2, a longer version of the KFMT, with infrequent identity mismatches, is correlated with performance on the Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT) and the Cambridge Face Perception Test (CFPT). The KFMT is freely available for use in face-matching research.

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“…Several findings suggest that some DPs may encode face structure typically; for example, some individuals with DP exhibit broadly typical discrimination of unfamiliar faces presented simultaneously (Bowles et al, 2009;Dalrymple, Garrido, & Duchaine, 2014;Ulrich et al, 2017), and apparently normal recognition of facial emotion (Dobel, Bölte, Aicher, & Schweinberger, 2007;Humphreys, Avidan, & Behrmann, 2007;Lee, Duchaine, Wilson, & Nakayama, 2010;Palermo et al, 2011), facial age and facial gender (Chatterjee & Nakayama, 2013;DeGutis, Chatterjee, Mercado, & Nakayama, 2014). Many DPs also exhibit typical susceptibility to visual illusions thought to arise from the holistic encoding of facial structure, in particular the composite face effect (Biotti, Wu, et al, 2017;Le Grand et al, 2006;Susilo et al, 2010;Ulrich et al, 2017). Notably, Biotti et al (2017) recently described two group studiesusing independent samples of 16 and 24 DPsneither of which found evidence of reduced composite effects.…”

Section: A Deficit Of Perceptual Encoding or Perceptual Maintenance?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is developmental prosopagnosia best characterised as an apperceptive or mnemonic condition?

2019

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Traditionally, developmental prosopagnosia (DP) has been thought of as an apperceptive condition that hinders individuals' ability to encode face structure. However, several authors have recently raised the possibility that many DPs may be able to form accurate percepts, but be unable to maintain those percepts over time. The present study sought to distinguish these possibilities. In our first experiment 16 DPs and 22 typical controls completed a delayed match-to-sample task with face and car stimuli, with a retention interval of 1-second (low demand) or 6-seconds (high demand). As expected, the participants with DP were worse than the controls at face matching, and were disproportionately impaired at matching faces relative to cars. However, the relative degree of impairment seen in the DPs did not interact with retention interval; they exhibited similar levels of impairment when matching faces with 1-and 6-second delays. Next, we compared the performance of 72 DPs and 54 typical controls on the Cambridge Face Perception Test (CFPT), a task that measures face perception ability in a way that minimises the memory demands. As expected, we found that the DPs were impaired at the group level. This difference was not attributable to a few individuals with an apperceptive profile; rather we found evidence that the distribution of CFPT scores seen in the DP sample was shifted relative to that of typical controls. Some heterogeneity is likely in any neurodevelopmental population, and DP is no different. Generally, however, these findings suggest that selective STFM impairment may be relatively uncommon in this population. Instead, deficits of perceptual encoding may play a larger role in DP than currently acknowledged.

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Perceptual and Memorial Contributions to Developmental Prosopagnosia

Abstract: Developmental prosopagnosia (DP) is commonly associated with the failure to properly perceive individuating facial properties, notably those conveying configural or holistic content. While this may indicate that the primary impairment is perceptual, it is conceivable

Cited by 50 publications

References 71 publications

Holistic face perception is impaired in developmental prosopagnosia

Holistic face perception is impaired in developmental prosopagnosia

The Kent Face Matching Test

Is developmental prosopagnosia best characterised as an apperceptive or mnemonic condition?

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