Perceptual Competition Promotes Suppression of Reward Salience in Behavioral Selection and Neural Representation

Gong, Mengyuan; Jia, Ke; Li, Shengqiao

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0217-17.2017

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Nevertheless, the interaction between the predictive information in LTM and distractor suppression remained less explored. Recently, Gong and colleagues have shown that previously learned reward-feature associations could facilitate distractor suppression when the reward-associated feature always served as physically salient distractor (Gong, Jia, & Li, 2017). Despite not being designed to directly test the modulation effect of the LTM representations in distractor suppression, this study has suggested the potential benefits of the previously learned distractor information in visual search.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Memory guidance in distractor suppression is governed by the availability of cognitive control

Wen

Hou

2018

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Information stored in the memory systems can affect visual search. Previous studies have shown that holding the to-be-ignored features of distractors in working memory (WM) could accelerate target selection. However, such facilitation effect was only observed when the cued to-be-ignored features remained unchanged within an experimental block (i.e., the fixed cue condition). No search benefit was obtained if the to-be-ignored features varied from trial to trial (i.e., the varied cue condition). In the present study, we conducted three behavioral experiments to investigate whether the WM and long-term memory (LTM) representations of the to-be-ignored features could facilitate visual search in the fixed cue (Experiment 1) and varied cue (Experiments 2 and 3) conditions. Given the importance of the processing time of cognitive control in distractor suppression, we divided visual search trials into five quintiles based on their reaction times (RTs) and examined the temporal characteristics of the suppression effect. Results showed that both the WM and LTM representations of the to-be-ignored features could facilitate distractor suppression in the fixed cue condition, and the facilitation effects were evident across the quintiles in the RT distribution. However, in the varied cue condition, the RT benefits of the WM-matched distractors occurred only in the trials with the longest RTs, whereas no advantage of the LTM-matched distractors was observed. These results suggest that the effective WM-guided distractor suppression depends on the availability of cognitive control and the LTM-guided suppression occurs only if sufficient WM resource is accessible by LTM reactivation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Memory guidance in distractor suppression is governed by the availability of cognitive control

Wen

Hou

2018

Atten Percept Psychophys

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“…Alternatively, it is possible that these differences between our findings and that of Gong and colleagues () are due to the varied properties of the target stimuli. For example, Gong, Jia, and Li () demonstrated that reward‐related distracters were easier to suppress when target identification was more difficult and when the target was unknown before the onset of stimuli. In Gong and colleagues’ () work, the distracters (rewarded and neutral) were cued prior to the onset of the stimuli and the target was unknown, making it more difficult to identify the target stimuli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reward‐related distracters and working memory filtering

et al. 2019

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Reward‐related stimuli capture attention, even when they are task irrelevant. A consequence of attentional prioritization of reward‐related stimuli is that they may also have preferential access to working memory like other forms of emotional information. However, whether reward‐related distracters leak into working memory remains unknown. Here, using a well‐validated change detection task of visual working memory capacity and filtering, we conducted two studies to directly assess the impact of reward‐related distracters on working memory. In both studies, the distracters consisted of colored bars or circles that were previously associated with monetary reward. In Experiment 1, results indicated that previously rewarded distracters did not impact behavioral measures of working memory filtering efficiency compared to neutral distracters. In Experiment 2, using ERPs, we measured the contralateral delay activity (CDA), a psychophysiological index of the number of items retained in working memory, to further assess filtering efficiency. We observed that the CDA for high reward distracters was similar to low reward and neutral distracters. However, in early trials, behavioral measures revealed that previously rewarded stimuli negatively impacted working memory capacity, an effect not observed with neutral distracters. This effect, though, was not found for the CDA in early trials. In summary, our findings across two studies suggest that attentional capture by task‐irrelevant reward may have minimal impact on visual working memory—findings that have important implications for delineating the boundaries of reward‐cognition interactions.

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“…We compared RT between high reward-associated and low reward-associated motion directions, and found no significant differences: paired t test, t (21) = 0.30, p = 0.769. The effect of reward on training performance has exhibited large variance across studies using similar associative learning paradigms (Chelazzi et al, 2014 ; Gong, Yang, & Li, 2016 ; Gong, Jia, & Li, 2017 ; Sha & Jiang, 2016 ; Rajsic, Perera, & Pratt, 2017 ). The participants' overall performance in the random dot field condition was 75.3% ( SD = 11.2%).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reward differentially interacts with physical salience in feature-based attention

Gong

Liu

2018

Journal of Vision

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A visual feature associated with reward can capture attention when it is neither physically salient nor task relevant. Although such findings suggest that reward acts similarly as physical salience, it is unknown whether reward works independently or interactively with physical salience to modulate attentional priority. Here, we first trained participants to associate two motion directions with high and low reward. During the test, we presented superimposed but perceptually separable stimuli that consisted of coherently and randomly moving dot fields, while manipulating the physical salience (low vs. high contrast) and reward history (low vs. high reward) of the coherent stimulus. Participants were instructed to identify speed-up targets on the coherent or random stimulus. We found that reward improved target detection in the coherent stimulus regardless of the physical contrast, whereas reward disrupted target detection in the random stimulus only when the coherent stimulus was of high contrast. Our findings thus suggest that goal-directed, feature-specific selection determines the pattern of interaction between reward and physical salience, such that they contribute either independently or interactively to attentional priority. We propose two possible mechanisms that can account for the intricate patterns of influence among multiple sources of priority.

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Perceptual Competition Promotes Suppression of Reward Salience in Behavioral Selection and Neural Representation

Cited by 22 publications

References 69 publications

Memory guidance in distractor suppression is governed by the availability of cognitive control

Memory guidance in distractor suppression is governed by the availability of cognitive control

Reward‐related distracters and working memory filtering

Reward differentially interacts with physical salience in feature-based attention

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