Perceptual Correlates of Neural Representations Evoked by Odorant Enantiomers

Linster, Christiane; Johnson, Brett A.; Yue, Esther L.; Morse, Alix; Xu, Zhe; Hingco, Edna E.; Choi, Yoojin; Choi, Mark; Messiha, Ahdy; Leon, Michael

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-24-09837.2001

Cited by 177 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Here we show a relationship between the extent of difference in the spatial activity maps and the ability to distinguish the odors [see Linster et al (2001) for a similar result for nonspeciesspecific odors]. The more different two spatial activity maps are, the easier it is for mice to discriminate.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Olfactory Fingerprints for Major Histocompatibility Complex-Determined Body Odors II: Relationship among Odor Maps, Genetics, Odor Composition, and Behavior

et al. 2002

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The olfactory system detects small differences in the composition of natural odorants, made up of hundreds of molecules. Odorous quality is hypothetically represented by a combinatorial code: activation of distinct but overlapping subsets of olfactory receptors resulting in activation of a distinct subset of glomeruli in the main olfactory bulb (MOB). Here we show that modification of a single gene (the K gene of the major histocompatibility locus), which results in a subtle change in the odiferous quality of urine, causes a small but significant change in the composition of urine volatiles and consequently the evoked glomerular activation pattern in the MOB. The magnitude of disparity between urine-evoked glomerular activation patterns is predictive of the extent of (1) the genetic difference among the urine donors, (2) the difference in the chemical composition of urine, and (3) the odor detector's ability to discriminate. These data on natural odors are consistent with the combinatorial code hypothesis and identify subsets of glomeruli that are apt to play a significant role in mediating individual recognition.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Olfactory Fingerprints for Major Histocompatibility Complex-Determined Body Odors II: Relationship among Odor Maps, Genetics, Odor Composition, and Behavior

et al. 2002

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“…It was shown previously that carvone evokes a distinct activation pattern of MOB cells as measured by [ 14 C]2-deoxyglucose uptake (Linster et al 2001). Our results confirm that carvone does activate MOB, but not AOB cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Social recognition memory requires two stages of protein synthesis in mice

Richter¹,

Wolf²,

Engelmann³

2005

Learn. Mem.

104

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Olfactory recognition memory was tested in adult male mice using a social discrimination task. The testing was conducted to begin to characterize the role of protein synthesis and the specific brain regions associated with activity in this task. Long-term olfactory recognition memory was blocked when the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin was injected 20 min before, immediately after, or 6 h after sampling. No effect was observed when anisomycin was administered 3 h or 18 h after sampling. Immunohistochemical analysis of Fos expression revealed that sampling-like exposure to a juvenile increased the activity of a subset of cells in the accessory olfactory bulb and the brain areas that are associated with it. Additionally, increased Fos expression was measured in the main olfactory bulb and the piriform cortex, whereas no signs of activation were seen in the cortical nucleus of the amygdala, all components of the main olfactory system. No increases in Fos immunoreactivity were observed after 4 h. Our data suggest that long-lasting olfactory recognition memory requires two stages of protein synthesis. The first stage takes place within 1–2 h and the second stage between 6–7 h after sampling. The first but not the second stage is paralleled by an increase in the number of Fos-immunoreactive cells in brain areas associated with both the main and accessory olfactory systems. It therefore appears that the role of the second stage of protein synthesis in recognition memory depends on the integrity of the first stage of protein synthesis

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“…For discrimination testing, two different odor pairs were used, each composed of two odorants (habituating odor, O hab , and test odor, O test ; see Table 1). For both odor pairs, odor O hab and O test were chosen to be highly similar to each other (13,43). The odorants were diluted in mineral oil proportionally to their vapor pressure, as detailed in refs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three chemically similar pairs of odorants were simulated; the overlap between the two members of each pair was high (r ϭ 0.74 for simulated enantiomers of lim for example) as described experimentally (Fig. 1B) (13,14). Similarly to the experimental odors, pairs of test odorants were chosen such that they either activated partially overlapping regions [lim and pent (r ϭ 0.28) in Fig.…”

Section: Experiments 3: Computational Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broad activation of the olfactory bulb produces long-lasting changes in odor perception

Mandairon

Stack

Kiselycznyk

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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A number of electrophysiological experiments have shown that odor exposure alone, unaccompanied by behavioral training, changes the response patterns of neurons in the olfactory bulb. As a consequence of these changes, across mitral cells in the olfactory bulb, individual odors should be better discriminated because of previous exposure. We have previously shown that a daily 2-h exposure to odorants during 2 weeks enhances rats' ability to discriminate between chemically similar odorants. Here, we first show that the perception of test odorants is only modulated by enrichment with odorants that activate at least partially overlapping regions of the olfactory bulb. Second, we show that a broad activation of olfactory bulb neurons by daily local infusion of NMDA into both olfactory bulbs enhances the discrimination between chemically related odorants in a manner similar to the effect of daily exposure to odorants. Computational modeling of the olfactory bulb suggests that activity-dependent plasticity in the olfactory bulb can support the observed modulation in olfactory discrimination capability by enhancing contrast and synchronization in the olfactory bulb. Last, we show that blockade of NMDA receptors in the olfactory bulb impairs the effects of daily enrichment, suggesting that NMDA-dependent plasticity is involved in the changes in olfactory processing observed here. discrimination ͉ enrichment ͉ plasticity B ehavioral enrichment is thought to be a major modulator of animals' ability to learn behavioral tasks. It has been shown many times that an enriched environment during development dramatically increases animals' learning and memory abilities during adult life (1, 2). Enrichment during adult life can counteract learning disabilities due to absence of NMDA receptors in genetically modified mice (3), as well as the decrease in learning capabilities seen in older rodents (4,5). Most studies investigating the beneficial effects of enriched housing environments focus on complex learning tasks such as the Morris water maze (5-7) or the Hebb-Williams maze (8) that have been linked to hippocampal function (9-11). In contrast to previous studies, we here focus on sensory perception, a predeterminant of all learning tasks in animals. Using olfactory perception in rats, we have recently shown for the first time that sensory enrichment during a relatively short period improves animals' sensory discrimination capabilities in an odor-unspecific manner (12). Here, we show that the modulation of olfactory discrimination abilities due to daily enrichment with odorants arises in the first olfactory sensory structure, the olfactory bulb (OB). First, we show that enrichment only affects the perception of those odorants that activate at least partially overlapping regions of the OB, suggesting that nonspecific activation of OB neurons suffices to produce lasting changes in perception and that spatial specificity of odor responses is of importance in this process. Second, we show that unspecific activation of OB neurons via l...

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Perceptual Correlates of Neural Representations Evoked by Odorant Enantiomers

Cited by 177 publications

References 40 publications

Olfactory Fingerprints for Major Histocompatibility Complex-Determined Body Odors II: Relationship among Odor Maps, Genetics, Odor Composition, and Behavior

Olfactory Fingerprints for Major Histocompatibility Complex-Determined Body Odors II: Relationship among Odor Maps, Genetics, Odor Composition, and Behavior

Social recognition memory requires two stages of protein synthesis in mice

Broad activation of the olfactory bulb produces long-lasting changes in odor perception

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