Perceptual decisions are biased by the cost to act

Hagura, Nobuhiro; Haggard, Patrick; Diedrichsen, Jörn

doi:10.7554/elife.18422

Cited by 94 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Recently, it has been shown that perceptual decisions were biased by the amount of motor effort it took for participants to make the response (Hagura et al 2017). In this study, participants' decision was biased towards the least effortful motor response.…”

Section: Motor Activity and Metacognitionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Action information contributes to metacognitive decision-making

Wokke

Achoui

Cleeremans

2019

Preprint

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Monitoring and control of our decision process are key ingredients of adept decisionmaking. Such metacognitive abilities allow us to adjust ongoing behavior and modify future decisions in the absence of external feedback. Although metacognition is critical in many daily life settings, it remains unclear what information is actually being monitored and what kind of information is being used for metacognitive decisions. In the present study, we investigated whether response information connected to perceptual events contribute to metacognitive decision-making. Therefore, we recorded EEG signals during a perceptual color discrimination task while participants were asked to provide an estimate about the quality of their decision on each trial. Critically, the moment participants provided second-order decisions varied across conditions, thereby changing the amount of action information (e.g., response competition or response fluency) available for metacognitive decisions.Results from three experiments demonstrate that metacognitive performance improved when first-order action information was available at the moment metacognitive decisions about the perceptual task had to be provided. This behavioral effect was accompanied by enhanced functional connectivity (beta phase synchrony) between motor areas and prefrontal regions, exclusively observed during metacognitive decision-making. Our findings demonstrate that action information contributes to metacognitive decision-making, thereby painting a picture of metacognition as a secondorder process, integrating sensory evidence and the state of the decider during decisionmaking. SignificanceMonitoring and control of our decision process is a critical part of every day decisionmaking. When feedback is not available, metacognitive skills enable us to modify current behavior and adapt prospective decision-making. Here, we investigated what kind information is being used to compute an estimate about the quality of our decisions.Results demonstrate that during perceptual decision-making, information about one's actions towards perceptual events is being used to evaluate the quality of one's decisions. EEG results indicate that functional connectivity between motor regions and prefrontal cortex could serve as a mechanism to convey action information during metacognitive decision-making. Considered together, our results demonstrate that postdecisional information contributes to metacognition, thereby evaluating not only what one perceives (e.g., strength of perceptual evidence) but also how one responds towards perceptual events.

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Section: Motor Activity and Metacognitionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Action information contributes to metacognitive decision-making

Wokke

Achoui

Cleeremans

2019

Preprint

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“…Studies show that when the motor costs associated with redirection are increased (through distance or force fields), changes of mind become more infrequent. Motor costs can even affect perceptual decision making when participants are unaware of them (i.e., when they are introduced very gradually), and these can bias verbal reports of perceptual discriminations, even when they are conveyed through a completely different effector system . Together, this work indicates that the motor system, rather than merely reflecting the output of upstream perceptual processing, can itself influence perceptual processes and the transformation into decision space.…”

Section: Action‐based Models: From Reaction Time To End Of Movementmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…This theory can explain how decisions can be made between both actions and abstract values. 131 Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that competition can indeed occur at both good-and action-based representations, 158 and that these might share strong reciprocal connections 98,104 (but see, Ref. 158).…”

Section: Conclusion and Extensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Models, movements, and minds: bridging the gap between decision making and action

Wispinski

Gallivan

Chapman

2018

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Decision making is a fundamental cognitive function, which not only determines our day‐to‐day choices but also shapes the trajectories of our movements, our lives, and our societies. While immense progress has been made in recent years on our understanding of the mechanisms underlying decision making, research on this topic is still largely split into two halves. Good‐based models largely state that decisions are made between representations of abstract value associated with available options; while action‐based models largely state that decisions are made at the level of action representations. These models are further divided between those that state that a decision is made before an action is specified, and those that regard decision making as an evolving process that continues until movement completion. Here, we review computational models, behavioral findings, and results from neural recordings associated with these frameworks. In synthesizing this literature, we submit that decision making is best understood as a continuous, graded, and distributed process that traverses a landscape of behaviorally relevant options, from their presentation until movement completion. Identifying and understanding the intimate links between decision making and action processing has important implications for the study of complex, goal‐directed behaviors such as social communication, and for elucidating the underlying mechanisms by which decisions are formed.

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“…showed that motor costs also bias vocally-expressed judgments, suggesting that actions changed 566 how subjects perceived the stimuli themselves (Hagura et al, 2017). 567…”

Section: Motor Costs Influence Motor and Perceptual Decision-making 534mentioning

confidence: 99%

Humans sacrifice decision-making for action execution when a demanding control of movement is required

Reynaud

Lunazzi

Thura

2020

Preprint

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ABSTRACTA growing body of evidence suggests that decision-making and action execution are governed by partly overlapping operating principles. Especially, previous work proposed that a shared decision urgency/movement vigor signal, possibly computed in the basal ganglia, coordinates both deliberation and movement durations in a way that maximizes the reward rate. Recent data support one aspect of this hypothesis, indicating that the urgency level at which a decision is made influences the vigor of the movement produced to express this choice. Here we investigated whether conversely, the motor context in which a movement is executed determines decision speed and accuracy. Twenty human subjects performed a probabilistic decision task in which perceptual choices were expressed by reaching movements toward targets whose size and distance from a starting position varied in distinct blocks of trials. We found strong evidence for an influence of the motor context on most of the subjects’ decision policy but contrary to the predictions of the “shared regulation” hypothesis, we observed that slow movements executed in the most demanding motor blocks in terms of accuracy were often preceded by faster and less accurate decisions compared to blocks of trials in which big targets allowed expression of choices with fast and inaccurate movements. These results suggest that decision-making and motor control are not regulated by one unique “invigoration” signal determining both decision urgency and action vigor, but more likely by independent, yet interacting, decision urgency and movement vigor signals.NEW & NOTEWORTHYRecent hypotheses propose that choices and movements share optimization principles derived from economy, possibly implemented by one unique context-dependent regulation signal determining both processes speed. In the present behavioral study conducted on human subjects, we demonstrate that action properties indeed influence perceptual decision-making, but that decision duration and action vigor are actually independently set depending on the difficulty of the movement executed to report a choice.

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Perceptual decisions are biased by the cost to act

Cited by 94 publications

References 45 publications

Action information contributes to metacognitive decision-making

Action information contributes to metacognitive decision-making

Models, movements, and minds: bridging the gap between decision making and action

Humans sacrifice decision-making for action execution when a demanding control of movement is required

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