Perceptual Inhibition is Associated with Sensory Integration in Standing Postural Control Among Older Adults

Redfern, Mark S.; Jennings, J. Richard; Mendelson, D. N.; Nebes, Robert D.

doi:10.1093/geronb/gbp060

Cited by 50 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Second, although both groups showed a REA in the NF condition, only the young adults were able to magnify and tone down this advantage in the FR and FL conditions, respectively. Overall, these results suggest a reduced capacity for cognitive control in older adults, which is consistent with previous studies (Andersson et al 2008;Redfern et al 2009). On the other hand, we found an unexpected result regarding the number of errors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, this is unlikely given that the degree of cognitive demand is considered to be high in that condition (Hugdahl et al 2009). Moreover, the demand in the FL condition is on inhibitory control, which is also largely involved during walking through sensory integration processes for balance control (Redfern et al 2001(Redfern et al , 2009.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering that cognitive control requires intact frontal lobes, and particularly the dorsolateral and ventral parts of the prefrontal cortex (Braver et al 2002), as well as the dorsal part of the anterior cingulate (Bush et al 2000), it has been argued that the FR and FL conditions differ in the degree to which they involve cognitive control and specifically inhibitory control. Given that inhibitory processes play an important role in balance control, especially in older adults (Redfern et al 2001(Redfern et al , 2009), dichotic listening is likely to promote attentional resource competition with gait. As regards to walking, our analysis focused on step-to-step variability, including spatial (step length and step width variability) and temporal (step time variability) variability parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of aging on the relationship between cognitive demand and step variability during dual-task walking

Decker

Cignetti

Hunt

et al. 2016

AGE

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A U-shaped relationship between cognitive demand and gait control may exist in dual-task situations, reflecting opposing effects of external focus of attention and attentional resource competition. The purpose of the study was twofold: to examine whether gait control, as evaluated from step-to-step variability, is related to cognitive task difficulty in a U-shaped manner and to determine whether age modifies this relationship. Young and older adults walked on a treadmill without attentional requirement and while performing a dichotic listening task under three attention conditions: nonforced (NF), forced-right (FR), and forced-left (FL). The conditions increased in their attentional demand and requirement for inhibitory control. Gait control was evaluated by the variability of step parameters related to balance control (step width) and rhythmic stepping pattern (step length and step time). A Ushaped relationship was found for step width variability in both young and older adults and for step time variability in older adults only. Cognitive performance during dual tasking was maintained in both young and older adults. The U-shaped relationship, which presumably results from a trade-off between an external focus of attention and competition for attentional resources, implies that higher-level cognitive processes are involved in walking in young and older adults. Specifically, while these processes are initially involved only in the control of (lateral) balance during gait, they become necessary for the control of (fore-aft) rhythmic stepping pattern in older adults, suggesting that attentional resources turn out to be needed in all facets of walking with aging. Finally, despite the cognitive resources required by walking, both young and older adults spontaneously adopted a Bposture second^strategy, prioritizing the cognitive task over the gait task.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of aging on the relationship between cognitive demand and step variability during dual-task walking

Decker

Cignetti

Hunt

et al. 2016

AGE

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“…This finding has been attributed to age related decline on a set-updating process, which is engaged in "cleaning up" internal control settings in conditions of ambiguity in the task environment. Drawing parallels between findings in cognitive and posture performance in older adults is appropriate, considering the growing evidence from posture-cognition dual-task performance for cognitive involvement in posture tasks involving sensory integration (Doumas et al 2008;Redfern et al 2009;Teasdale and Simoneau 2001). For instance, older adults' working memory accuracy decreases during standing on a sway referenced platform, reflecting a shift in cognitive resources from cognition to posture to support sensory integration (Doumas et al 2008).…”

Section: Aging and Sensory Reintegration: An Apparent Paradoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation and Reintegration of Proprioceptive Information in Young and Older Adults' Postural Control

Doumas

Krampe

2010

Journal of Neurophysiology

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. We investigated age-related changes in adaptation and sensory reintegration in postural control without vision. In two sessions, participants adapted their posture to sway reference and to reverse sway reference conditions, the former reducing (near eliminating) and the latter enhancing (near doubling) proprioceptive information for posture by means of support-surface rotations in proportion to body sway. Participants stood on a stable platform for 3 min (baseline) followed by 18 min of sway reference or reverse sway reference (adaptation) and finally again on a stable platform for 3 min (reintegration). Results showed that when inaccurate proprioception was introduced, anterior-posterior (AP) sway path length increased in comparable levels in the two age groups. During adaptation, young and older adults reduced postural sway at the same rate. On restoration of the stable platform in the reintegration phase, a sizeable aftereffect of increased AP path length was observed in both groups, which was greater in magnitude and duration for older adults. In line with linear feedback models of postural control, spectral analyses showed that this aftereffect differed between the two platform conditions. In the sway-referenced condition, a switch from lowto high-frequency COP sway marked the transition from reduced to normal proprioceptive information. The opposite switch was observed in the reverse sway referenced condition. Our findings illustrate age-related slowing in participants' postural control adjustments to sudden changes in environmental conditions. Over and above differences in postural control, our results implicate sensory reweighting as a specific mechanism highly sensitive to age-related decline. I N T R O D U C T I O NControl of upright standing relies on the integration of sensory signals from vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive channels, thereby capitalizing on the redundancy of sensory information in this task (for a review, see Balasubramaniam and Wing 2002). This plethora of available information allows humans to maintain postural stability even when information from one or even two of the sensory channels is compromised, for instance, in age-or disease-related loss of vestibular, visual, or proprioceptive function, by reweighting information from the remaining channels. In daily living, the ability to quickly reweight sensory information in response to sudden changes in the environment is also frequently challenged, for example, when a bus is stopping or when moving from a bright to a dark environment. Although such adaptations have been identified as one of the contributing factors to fall accidents in older adults (Horak 2006), empirical evidence related to changes in the speed and nature of sensory integration in the elderly is surprisingly sparse. In this study, we investigate how young and older adults adapt their postural control when inaccurate proprioceptive information is introduced. Our focus is on age differences in the time course of adaptation and on the nature of underlying senso...

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“…In general, when performing various tasks, older adults tend to take more time, to be less accurate, and to be more variable than younger adults (de Dieuleveult et al, 2017;DeLoss et al, 2013;Guerreiro et al, 2014Guerreiro et al, , 2015Hugenschmidt et al, 2009). The addition of a secondary task tends to decrease task performance more strongly in older adults than in younger adults (Bisson et al, 2014;de Dieuleveult et al, 2017;Mahboobin et al, 2007;Redfern et al, 2001Redfern et al, , 2009. It is well known that the age-related deterioration of, for instance, vision (Kavcic et al, 2011;Owsley, 2011), joint mobility (Yeh et al, 2015), muscle force (Cruz-Jentoft et al, 2010), and balance (Teasdale et al, 1991) all decrease performance of the activities of daily living.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging and Sensitivity to Illusory Target Motion With or Without Secondary Tasks

Dieuleveult

Brouwer²,

Siemonsma

et al. 2018

Multisens Res

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Older individuals seem to find it more difficult to ignore inaccurate sensory cues than younger individuals. We examined whether this could be quantified using an interception task. Twenty healthy young adults (age 18-34) and twenty-four healthy older adults (age 60-82) were asked to tap on discs that were moving downwards on a screen with their finger. Moving the background to the left made the discs appear to move more to the right. Moving the background to the right made them appear to move more to the left. The discs disappeared before the finger reached the screen, so participants had to anticipate how the target would continue to move. We examined how misjudging the disc's motion when the background moves influenced tapping. Participants received veridical feedback about their performance, so their sensitivity to the illusory motion indicates to what extent they could ignore the task-irrelevant visual information. We expected older adults to be more sensitive to the illusion than younger adults. To investigate whether sensorimotor or cognitive load would increase this sensitivity, we also asked participants to do the task while standing on foam or counting tones. Background motion influenced older adults more than younger adults. The secondary tasks did not increase the background's influence. Older adults might be more sensitive to the moving background because they find it more difficult to ignore irrelevant sensory information in general, but they may rely more on vision because they have less reliable proprioceptive and vestibular information.

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Perceptual Inhibition is Associated with Sensory Integration in Standing Postural Control Among Older Adults

Cited by 50 publications

References 33 publications

Effects of aging on the relationship between cognitive demand and step variability during dual-task walking

Effects of aging on the relationship between cognitive demand and step variability during dual-task walking

Adaptation and Reintegration of Proprioceptive Information in Young and Older Adults' Postural Control

Aging and Sensitivity to Illusory Target Motion With or Without Secondary Tasks

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