Perceptual learning in auditory temporal discrimination: No evidence for a cross-modal transfer to the visual modality

Lapid, Einat; Ulrich, Rolf; Rammsayer, Thomas

doi:10.3758/pbr.16.2.382

Cited by 50 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In our paradigm, participants were forced to coordinate timing across input signals of different modalities and types of stimuli (filled vs. empty). Transferal processes of timing information between modalities are perceptually difficult (Lapid, Ulrich, & Rammsayer, 2009) and the most efficient way to solve the task in our study might be by using a single (modality-independent) mechanism. For the task of Gamache et al, in contrast, the most efficient strategy would be using two independent mechanisms that process the signals in parallel.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration perception in crossmodally-defined intervals

2014

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How humans perform duration judgments with multisensory stimuli is an ongoing debate. Here, we investigated how sub-second duration judgments are achieved by asking participants to compare the duration of a continuous sound to the duration of an empty interval in which onset and offset were marked by signals of different modalities using all combinations of visual, auditory and tactile stimuli. The pattern of perceived durations across five stimulus durations (ranging from 100 ms to 900 ms) follows the Vierordt Law. Furthermore, intervals with a sound as onset (audio-visual, audio-tactile) are perceived longer than intervals with a sound as offset. No modality ordering effect is found for visualtactile intervals. To infer whether a single modality-independent or multiple modalitydependent time-keeping mechanisms exist we tested whether perceived duration follows a summative or a multiplicative distortion pattern by fitting a model to all modality combinations and durations. The results confirm that perceived duration depends on sensory latency (summative distortion). Instead, we did not find evidence for multiplicative distortions. The results of the model and the behavioural data support the concept of a single time-keeping mechanism that allows for judgments of durations marked by multisensory stimuli.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration perception in crossmodally-defined intervals

2014

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“…In particular, when empty intervals are marked by two brief sensory signals that are delivered from different sensory modalities, sensitivity to time is much lower than it is when intervals are marked by signals from only one modality, either auditory or visual (Grondin & Rousseau, 1991;Grondin et al, 2005). Finally, the modality-specific perspective would also account for the difficulty of transferring temporal learning from the auditory to the visual modality (Grondin, Bisson, Gagnon, Gamache, & Matteau, 2009;Grondin, Gamache, Tobin, Bisson, & Hawke, 2008;Lapid, Ulrich, & Rammsayer, 2009). …”

Section: Mechanisms and Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing and time perception: A review of recent behavioral and neuroscience findings and theoretical directions

Grondin

2010

Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics

835

670

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Suppose someone had to prepare a review article on visual perception, instead of time perception. This individual would probably ask for a series of reviews, with at least one-and probably several-dedicated to color, distance, shape, and motion perception, and maybe to other aspects of visual perception. It would be very difficult to complete the same exercise for time perception since the categories of temporal experiences are not as clearly defined. However, for a reader to understand the scope of a text on time perception, it is essential to develop a representation of what the main research avenues or categories are. The present text should help the reader to grasp the scope of recent literature related to psychological time and time perception.After a brief overview of the various perspectives on what could be meant by psychological time, the review will propose to identify of series of key concepts and empirical findings that should delineate the field of time perception and timing, and will discuss some models of time perception. The article also provides a review of the main recent findings in the field in which a neuroscientific approach to timing is adopted. In this section, the roles of the cerebellum, of the cerebral cortices, and of the basal ganglia in the timing processes are emphasized. Time Perception Beyond the Focus of the Present ReviewThere is a wide range of research on psychological time and temporal processing, mainly because of the ubiquity of time in behavior and the relevance of a temporal perspective in regard to living organisms and events. There is a vast literature in social psychology as to how behavior is shaped by time (see Perret-Clermont, 2005, or Strathman & Joireman, 2005, which includes topics such as time management, time perspective, and time orientation, or the relative value of past and future (Caruso, Gilbert, & Wilson, 2008;Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999). Even within the scope of experimental psychology, some studies have emphasized how the temporal structure of events determines our perception of the world (see the second part of Helfrich, 2003).Some authors who are interested in consciousness have adopted a phenomenological perspective on time (see the first part of Buccheri, Saniga, & Stuckey, 2003). Indeed, time and consciousness have become more closely linked recently with the development of a new area of research on the concept of chronesthesia (awareness of subjective time; Tulving, 2002), as opposed to noetic consciousness (awareness of the world) or autonoetic consciousness (awareness of self in time). Interestingly, there is now evidence that even animals can anticipate the future (Roberts, 2008).There are many psychological time studies related in various ways to memory processes (Block & Zakay, 2008). One research avenue deals with the chronology of events in our lives, particularly the memory of the order of occurrence of these events (Damasio, 2002;Friedman, 1993 The aim of the present review article is to guide the reader through portions of the human time per...

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“…This implies that intervals in one modality either specifically, or disproportionately, adapt time perception within that same modality, suggesting modality-specific clocks. However, training on interval timing tasks in one modality can improve performance when precision is tested in a second sensory modality (Bartolo & Merchant, 2009;Bratzke, Seifried, & Ulrich, 2012;Nagarajan, Blake, Wright, Byl, & Merzenich, 1998; but see Lapid, Ulrich, & Rammsayer, 2009), instead suggesting a shared timing resource.…”

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confidence: 99%

Weighted integration suggests that visual and tactile signals provide independent estimates about duration.

Ball

Arnold

Yarrow

2017

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Copyright and reuse: City Research Online aims to make research outputs of City, University of London available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyright holders. URLs from City Research Online may be freely distributed and linked to. City Research Online: http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/ publications@city.ac.uk Permanent repository link: City Research OnlineThe APA has copyright on this article. When published, it can be found at: improvements can be predicted quantitatively, assuming estimates are combined by summation, a process described as optimal when summation is weighted in accordance with the variance associated with each of the initially independent estimates. We assessed this possibility for visual and tactile information regarding temporal intervals. In Experiment 1, 12 musicians and 12 nonmusicians judged durations of 300 and 600 ms, compared to test values spanning these standards.Bimodal precision increased relative to unimodal conditions, but not by the extent predicted by optimally weighted summation. In Experiment 2, six musicians and six other participants each judged six standards, ranging from 100 ms to 600 ms, with conflicting cues providing a measure of the weight assigned to each sensory modality. A weighted integration model best fitted these data, with musicians more likely to select near-optimal weights than non-musicians. Overall, data were consistent with the existence of separate visual and tactile clock components at either the counter/integrator or memory stages. Independent estimates are passed to a decisional process, but not always combined in a statistically optimal fashion. Statement of public significanceWe are able to judge the duration of events as they unfold (e.g. the time for which somebody holds our gaze). Sometimes, this information is conveyed to several of our senses at once (e.g. both seeing and feeling the duration of a caress). Theorists argue about whether time intervals are calculated separately for each sense, or rely on a common centralised timer. This study suggests that when people experience the duration of events via both vision and touch, they gain a multisensory benefit, performing better than when they receive just visual or just tactile stimulation.This kind of benefit can only accrue if time is first estimated independently within each sense, suggesting that separate timers exist.Humans and other animals express their ability to time intervals through a wide variety of behaviours. In the lab, this ability is often assessed by requiring experimental participants to make judgments about the duration of events. However, our knowledge regarding the neurocognitive bases of these judgments remains hazy. One debate concerns the centralised versus distributed nature of the hypothetical internal clock or clocks (Ivry & Schlerf, 2008;Ivry & Spencer, 2004 Revina, Bruno, & Johnston, 2012;and Morgan...

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Perceptual learning in auditory temporal discrimination: No evidence for a cross-modal transfer to the visual modality

Cited by 50 publications

References 36 publications

Duration perception in crossmodally-defined intervals

Duration perception in crossmodally-defined intervals

Timing and time perception: A review of recent behavioral and neuroscience findings and theoretical directions

Weighted integration suggests that visual and tactile signals provide independent estimates about duration.

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