Perceptual Learning

Green, C. Shawn; Banai, Karen; Lü, Zhong-Lin; Bavelier, Daphné

doi:10.1002/9781119170174.epcn217

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 220 publications

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“…Furthermore, given the across-listeners differences in learning, it seems that different listeners greatly differ in their ability to employ it in service of their speech recognition. Finally, findings such as ours may help bridge the gap between the hallmark specificity of perceptual learning (Eisner & McQueen, 2005;Green et al, 2018) and its potential role in speech perception under ecological conditions (Samuel & Kraljic, 2009). If learning is recruited online whenever adverse conditions are encountered, specificity should not matter for individuals with good learning, whereas individuals with poor learning will be at a constant disadvantage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Rapid Perceptual Learning: A Potential Source of Individual Differences in Speech Perception Under Adverse Conditions?

2020

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Challenging listening situations (e.g., when speech is rapid or noisy) result in substantial individual differences in speech perception. We propose that rapid auditory perceptual learning is one of the factors contributing to those individual differences. To explore this proposal, we assessed rapid perceptual learning of time-compressed speech in young adults with normal hearing and in older adults with age-related hearing loss. We also assessed the contribution of this learning as well as that of hearing and cognition (vocabulary, working memory, and selective attention) to the recognition of natural-fast speech (NFS; both groups) and speech in noise (younger adults). In young adults, rapid learning and vocabulary were significant predictors of NFS and speech in noise recognition. In older adults, hearing thresholds, vocabulary, and rapid learning were significant predictors of NFS recognition. In both groups, models that included learning fitted the speech data better than models that did not include learning. Therefore, under adverse conditions, rapid learning may be one of the skills listeners could employ to support speech recognition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Rapid Perceptual Learning: A Potential Source of Individual Differences in Speech Perception Under Adverse Conditions?

2020

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“…Furthermore, it should be noted that a defining feature of perceptual learning in the spatial senses (e.g., vision) is that the benefits of training last for weeks, or longer, after the conclusion of training (see Green, Banai, Lu, & Bavelier, 2018, for a recent review).…”

Section: The Effects Of Beer Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of training and expertise on the multisensory perception of beer: A review

Doorn

Watson

Timora

et al. 2020

Food Quality and Preference

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This review critically evaluates the literature documenting the impact of training on people's perception of beer. In certain circumstances, training has been shown to improve people's ability to match and identify beers, and to discriminate between beers and between the distinctive attributes of beer. However, a reasonably consistent finding is that the benefits of beer training do not seem to generalise to novel beers (i.e., those not experienced during training). As such, training would appear to improve the capacity to label perception and/or people's recognition memory for beers, rather than necessarily influencing perception itself. Given how much beer is consumed annually, it is surprising that there has not been more published research into the role that training plays in this particular beverage category. Part of the reason for this may relate to (a) the limited role of experts in this field (e.g., primarily restricted to product testing and quality control; as compared to their much more prominent role in the world of wine), (b) the fact that training is an expensive and time-consuming process, and (c) it is wrongly assumed that the effects of training are similar across different beverage categories (e.g., beer and wine). We suggest that further efforts are therefore required before it will be possible to confidently conclude that training lowers the perceptual thresholds, and enhances the perceptual discrimination abilities, of beer experts above those of novices.

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“…Humans are excellent at perceptual learning. Given appropriate experience, humans will tend to drastically improve their ability to extract perceptual information from the environment and to make decisions based upon the extracted information ( Dosher & Lu, 2017 ; Green, Banai, Lu, & Bavelier, 2018 ; Sagi, 2011 ; Seitz, 2017 ). Indeed, the visual perceptual learning literature offers many examples of dedicated training resulting in marked enhancements in participants’ ability to make exceptionally fine perceptual judgments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual Learning of Appendicitis Diagnosis in Radiological Images

Johnston

Cochrane

et al. 2020

Journal of Vision

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A sizeable body of work has demonstrated that participants have the capacity to show substantial increases in performance on perceptual tasks given appropriate practice. This has resulted in significant interest in the use of such perceptual learning techniques to positively impact performance in real-world domains where the extraction of perceptual information in the service of guiding decisions is at a premium. Radiological training is one clear example of such a domain. Here we examine a number of basic science questions related to the use of perceptual learning techniques in the context of a radiology-inspired task. On each trial of this task, participants were presented with a single axial slice from a CT image of the abdomen. They were then asked to indicate whether or not the image was consistent with appendicitis. We first demonstrate that, although the task differs in many ways from standard radiological practice, it nonetheless makes use of expert knowledge, as trained radiologists who underwent the task showed high (near ceiling) levels of performance. Then, in a series of four studies we show that (1) performance on this task does improve significantly over a reasonably short period of training (on the scale of a few hours); (2) the learning transfers to previously unseen images and to untrained image orientations; (3) purely correct/incorrect feedback produces weak learning compared to more informative feedback where the spatial position of the appendix is indicated in each image; and (4) there was little benefit seen from purposefully structuring the learning experience by starting with easier images and then moving on to more difficulty images (as compared to simply presenting all images in a random order). The implications for these various findings with respect to the use of perceptual learning techniques as part of radiological training are then discussed.

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Perceptual Learning

Cited by 24 publications

References 220 publications

Rapid Perceptual Learning: A Potential Source of Individual Differences in Speech Perception Under Adverse Conditions?

Rapid Perceptual Learning: A Potential Source of Individual Differences in Speech Perception Under Adverse Conditions?

The influence of training and expertise on the multisensory perception of beer: A review

Perceptual Learning of Appendicitis Diagnosis in Radiological Images

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