Perceptual memory for numerousness in "nonpsychotic schizophrenics."

Edell

1980

Schizophrenia Bulletin

327

175

Two groups of hypothetically psychosis-prone subjects were chosen from among college students who scored deviantly high on scales of Physical Anhedonia (n = 50) or Perceptual Aberration (n = 65). Scores on these two scales had a small negative correlation, indicating that the scales identify different sets of deviant subjects. These experimental subjects and a control group (n = 66) were interviewed using a modification of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia--Lifetime Version. A second interview covered social and academic adjustment. Psychotic and psychotic-like symptoms (attenuated forms of psychotic experiences) were scored on a recently devised scale of deviancy. The perceptual aberration subjects exceeded the control subjects on each of several psychotic-like experiences (auditory and visual experiences, thought transmission, passivity experiences, aberrant beliefs), as well as on depression, hypomania, social withdrawal, problems of concentration, deviances in communication and speech, and a composite score for schizotypal features. Anhedonics did not differ from controls on psychotic-like experiences but were more socially withdrawn, had less heterosexual interest and activity, and scored higher on the composite score of schizotypal features. The findings support the hypothesis that the scales identify persons who are at risk for psychosis but probably for different psychoses.

Section: Earlier Attempts To Measure Personality Traits Of the Psycho...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Anhedonia, Perceptual Aberration, and Psychosis Proneness

Edell

1980

Schizophrenia Bulletin

327

175

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

“…Kelley and King (1979) examined the clinical records of college students with this pro-file and confirmed that the males (but not the females) appeared to be latent schizophrenics. Koh and Peterson (1974) and Schulman (1976) have found schizophreniclike cognitive deviancies in college students with 2-7-8 profiles.…”

Section: Eight Measures Of Psychosis Pronenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliabilities and intercorrelations of eight measures of proneness to psychosis.

Chapman¹,

Chapman²,

Miller³

1982

188

118

Scales thought to measure psychosis proneness-Eysenck and Eysenck's Psychoticism Scale, Golden and Meehl's Schizoidia Scale, composite scales for the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) 2-7-8 and 2-7-8-6 profiles, and our own research project's Physical Anhedonia, Perceptual Aberration, Magical Ideation, and Nonconformity scales-were compared on their coefficient-alpha estimate of reliability and were intercorrelated, using samples of college students (Ate = 5,567, 1,510 and 537) and outpatient clinic clients (Ns = 120 and 220). Test-retest reliability was examined for five of the scales using 511 college students. The Psychoticism and Nonconformity scales were found to measure the same pathology, but the Nonconformity Scale did so more reliably. The Schizoidia Scale was found to measure the same pathology as the MMPI 2-7-8 and 2-7-8-0 scales, but the longer MMPI scales did so more reliably. The Magical Ideation and Perceptual Aberration scales were highly correlated, and both had a negative correlation with the Physical Anhedonia Scale. The MMPI 2-7-8 and 2-7-8-0 scales correlated positively with all of the other,scales, indicating that these MMPI composite scales are sensitive to more than one kind ' of pathology.A number of true-false scales and scale profiles have been developed in an attempt to measure proneness to psychosis in general and to schizophrenia in particular. The measures of interest in the present report are scales representing the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

“…Similarly, Kelley and King (1979) found that male college students with 2-7-8 profiles who were seen at a university mental health clinic received diagnoses of latent schizophrenia; the female students with this profile, however, received diagnoses within the neurotic spectrum. Through the use of nonclinical populations, Koh and Peterson (1974), Schulman (1976), and Steronko and Woods (1978) found that college students with 2-7-8 profiles showed cognitive deficits on tachistoscopic tasks similar to those seen in schizophrenics. Fine (1973) interviewed college students with 2-7-8 profiles and judged half of these subjects to be "well-functioning nonpsychotic schizophrenics."…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies indicate that the MMPI 2-7-8 profile may also identify subjects at risk for psychosis. Through the use of hospitalized psychiatric samples, several researchers have found that this profile is commonly associated with a diagnosis of pseudoneurotic schizoprenia or of latent schizophrenia (Gilberstadt & Duker, 1965;Koh, Kayton, & Berry, 1973;Koh & Peterson, 1974;Peterson, 1963). Similarly, Kelley and King (1979) found that male college students with 2-7-8 profiles who were seen at a university mental health clinic received diagnoses of latent schizophrenia; the female students with this profile, however, received diagnoses within the neurotic spectrum.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the 2-7-8 MMPI profile and the Perceptual Aberration—Magical Ideation Scale in identifying hypothetically psychosis-prone college students.

Fujioka¹,

Chapman²

1984

College students with 2-7-8 profiles on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and students scoring high on the Perceptual Aberration-Magical Ideation (Per-Mag) Scale were compared on symptoms that are thought to indicate psychosis proneness. A modified Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime Version interview revealed that the Per-Mag group (19 males and 22 females) and the 2-7-8 group (19 males and 20 females) did not differ on the number of subjects with psychotic and psychoticlike experiences. For both sexes, however, the Per-Mag group exceeded the 2-7-8 group on the number of schizotypal experiences; the male Per-Mag group also surpassed the male 2-7-8 group on hypomania. The groups were similar on depression and several other disorders as defined by the Research Diagnostic Criteria. These findings are interpreted as suggesting that some of the subjects identified by both scales are at elevated risk for psychosis. However, because only 3 subjects were selected by both scales, the MMPI 2-7-8 profile and the Per-Mag Scale select different groups from that population.Both the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) 2-7-8 profile, in which the Depression (2), Psychasthenia ( 7), and Schizophrenia (8) scales are the highest elevations, and the combined Perceptual Aberration-Magical Ideation (Per-Mag) Scale (Chapman, Chapman, & Raulin, 1978;Eckblad & Chapman, 1983) are used to identify individuals who may be at risk for psychosis. The present study examines the degree to which these two scales identify the same groups of hypothetically psychosis-prone subjects and compares the psychopathologies of the people selected by the two scales. Such a comparison is of interest because psychosis proneness, like psychosis itself, probably includes several distinct syndromes; thus, it is conceivable that the two scales may select different groups of people who have dissimilar symptoms. Chapman, Chapman, and Miller (1982) found that the Perceptual Aberration Scale and the Magical