Perceptual Span in Oral Reading: The Case of Chinese

Pan, Jinger; Yan, Ming; Laubrock, Jochen

doi:10.1080/10888438.2017.1283694

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…During sentence reading, the effective area of vision (i.e., the perceptual span; McConkie and Rayner, ) extends beyond the currently fixated word/character. In Chinese, the span extends one character to the left and up to three or four characters to the right of the current fixation (Inhoff and Liu, ; Pan, Yan, and Laubrock, ; Yan, Zhou, Shu, and Kliegl, ), indicating that reading involves extraction of information not only from the fixated words in the fovea but also from the upcoming words in the parafovea. While traditional behavioural studies have revealed basic cognitive mechanisms of single foveal word reading, the eye movement recording in naturalistic sentence reading can examine the early processing of the upcoming parafoveal word.…”

Section: The Error Disruption Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliance on orthography and phonology in reading of Chinese: A developmental study

Zhou

Shu

Miller

et al. 2017

Journal Research in Reading

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Background: Disruptions of reading processes due to text substitutions can measure how readers use lexical information. Methods: With eye-movement recording, children and adults viewed sentences with either identical, orthographically similar, homophonic or unrelated substitutions of the first characters in target words. To the extent that readers rely on orthographic or phonological cues, substitutions that contain such cues should cause less disruption reading than do unrelated substitutions. Results: On pretarget words, there was a reliable reduction in gaze duration due to homophonic substitution only for children. On target words, we observed reliable recovery effects due to orthographic similarity for adults. On post-target words, adults had better orthographic-based and phonological-based recovery abilities than children.Conclusions: The combination of eye movement recording and the error detection paradigm offers a novel implicit paradigm for studying reading development: during sentence reading, beginning readers of Chinese may rely on phonological mediation, while skilled readers have more direct access to semantics from orthography. What is already known about this topic• There is little evidence for early phonological activation during the reading of Chinese sentences among skilled Chinese readers • There is a rich body of evidence supporting the view that phonological information is activated very early in alphabetic scripts, as indexed by shorter fixation durations

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Section: The Error Disruption Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliance on orthography and phonology in reading of Chinese: A developmental study

Zhou

Shu

Miller

et al. 2017

Journal Research in Reading

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“…During oral reading, articulatory constraints on the oculomotor system may limit pre-saccadic attentional shifts to parafoveal words (Pollatsek et al, 2006;Rolfs et al, 2011). This view is compatible with reduced capacity for parafoveal processing in oral reading compared to silent reading within lines (Ashby et al, 2012;Inhoff & Radach, 2014;Pan et al, 2017). Because, line boundaries are also influenced by this kind of processing, readers may foveate closer to the left and right margins to process the letters there.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Return-sweep saccades in oral reading

Adedeji

Vasilev

Kirkby

et al. 2021

Psychological Research

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Recent research on return-sweep saccades has improved our understanding of eye movements when reading paragraphs. However, these saccades, which take our gaze from the end of one line to the start of the next line, have been studied only within the context of silent reading. Articulatory demands and the coordination of the eye–voice span (EVS) at line boundaries suggest that the execution of this saccade may be different in oral reading. We compared launch and landing positions of return-sweeps, corrective saccade probability and fixations adjacent to return-sweeps in skilled adult readers while reading paragraphs aloud and silently. Compared to silent reading, return-sweeps were launched from closer to the end of the line and landed closer to the start of the next line when reading aloud. The probability of making a corrective saccade was higher for oral reading than silent reading. These indicate that oral reading may compel readers to rely more on foveal processing at the expense of parafoveal processing. We found an interaction between reading modality and fixation type on fixation durations. The reading modality effect (i.e., increased fixation durations in oral compared to silent reading) was greater for accurate line-initial fixations and marginally greater for line-final fixations compared to intra-line fixations. This suggests that readers may use the fixations adjacent to return-sweeps as natural pause locations to modulate the EVS.

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“…There is a palpable effect of parafoveal semantic information in reading Chinese, and there is more preponderance of parafoveal processing in Chinese than in alphabetic scripts (Bai et al, 2009;Sommer et al, 2014;Li et al, 2015;Liu et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2019). Although parafoveal processing efficiency reduces in oral reading than silent reading (Ashby et al, 2012;Inhoff & Radach 2014;Pan et al, 2017), I assume that when reading danmu comments, viewers tend to read without articulating the texts, due to presence of the sound of videos, so the preview benefit is less likely to be impaired. That is to say, Chinese danmu can be processed more expeditiously than alphabetic scripts, and thus its unique success in China.…”

Section: Prerequisites For the Popularity Of Danmumentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence and Development of Bullet Comments in China

Wang

2021

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Danmu denotes user-generated dynamic and contextualised comments scrolling across the screen. Owing to its resemblance to a bullet curtain, such a text-over-screen technology is referred to as ‘bullet comment/message’ or ‘barrage subtitling’. Since being adopted from Japan, danmu has expeditiously developed from a niche subcultural entity into a prominent property of Chinese online video culture. Danmu obtains popularity among young audiences, in that it establishes social media co-viewing, creates a sense of belonging, allows self-expression and facilitates social connectedness. Moreover, danmu enables creators to demonstrate a sense of existence, especially via informative, alerting and spoiler comments. The popularity of danmu in China is ascribed to diversified and concise literacy practice. More significantly, it is attributed to linguistic and cultural prerequisites: the Chinese written language is featured by a high information density and robust parafoveal preview effects; the Chinese culture is marked by a high level of polychronicity and collectivism, as well as conspicuous social and peer pressure.

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Perceptual Span in Oral Reading: The Case of Chinese

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

Reliance on orthography and phonology in reading of Chinese: A developmental study

Reliance on orthography and phonology in reading of Chinese: A developmental study

Return-sweep saccades in oral reading

Emergence and Development of Bullet Comments in China

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