Perchlorate in Chilean Nitrate as the Cause of Leaf Rugosity in Soybean Plants in Chile

Tollenaar, H.

doi:10.1094/phyto-62-1164

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Morphological differences between isolates seldom occur, although var. dactylitis (Manners, 1960) and f. sp.poae (Tollenaar, 1967) have urediniospores and teliospores smaller than those of other genotypes. Cross-infection between isolates from one host genus and those from another can sometimes be obtained, e.g.…”

Section: Genetic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 84%

Puccinia Striiformis, Yellow Rust (Stripe Rust) of Cereals and Grasses

Manners

1988

Genetics of Plant Pathogenic Fungi

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Section: Genetic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 84%

Puccinia Striiformis, Yellow Rust (Stripe Rust) of Cereals and Grasses

Manners

1988

Genetics of Plant Pathogenic Fungi

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“…Because reduction of the central chlorine atom in perchlorate occurs very slowly [4], this ion can persist in the environment for decades. Perchlorates also occur in natural mineral deposits used as nitrogen fertilizers, such as Chilean sodium nitrate [5,6] and New Mexican langbenite [7]. Although not a major component, a recent study of several fertilizers [7] suggests that the mineral deposits used in the manufacturing process of some fertilizers may be a source of perchlorate accumulation in the food chain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Ammonium Perchlorate Inhibit Development and Metamorphosis in Xenopus Laevis

Goleman¹,

Urquidi²,

Anderson³

et al. 2002

Environ Toxicol Chem

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We determined whether environmentally relevant concentrations of ammonium perchlorate alter development and metamorphosis in Xenopus laevis. Eggs and larvae were exposed to varying concentrations of ammonium perchlorate or control medium for 70 d. Most treatment-related mortality was observed within 5 d after exposure and was due in large part to reduced hatching success. The 5- and 70-d median lethal concentrations (LC50s) were 510 +/- 36 mg ammonium perchlorate/L and 223 +/- 13 mg ammonium perchlorate/L, respectively. Ammonium perchlorate did not cause any concentration-related developmental abnormalities at concentrations below the 70-d LC50. Ammonium perchlorate inhibited metamorphosis in a concentration-dependent manner as evident from effects on forelimb emergence, tail resorption, and hindlimb growth. These effects were observed after exposure to ammonium perchlorate concentrations in the parts-per-billion range, at or below concentrations reported in surface waters contaminated with ammonium perchlorate. Ammonium perchlorate significantly inhibited tail resorption after a 14-d exposure in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) Endocrine Disruptor Screening and Testing Committee (EDSTAC) Tier I frog metamorphosis assay for thyroid disruption in amphibians. We believe that ammonium perchlorate may pose a threat to normal development and growth in natural amphibian populations.

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“…A study by Urbansky et al (2001) found some lots of NaNO 3 fertilizer to contain over 0.1% of perchlorate. Further, an earlier study (Tollenaar and Martin 1972) reported 0.12% to 0.26% perchlorate in Chilean nitrate deposits. A more recent study, however, showed that changes made by the fertilizer industry have significantly reduced the concentration of perchlorate in commercial Chilean nitrate fertilizer (Urbansky et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Perchlorate occurrence in the Texas Southern High Plains Aquifer System

Jackson¹,

Anandam²,

Anderson³

et al. 2005

Groundwater Monitoring Rem

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In the spring of 2002, the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality determined that perchlorate (ClO4−) was present in ground water from the McMillan and Paul Davis well fields that supply potable water for the city of Midland. Researchers began a large‐scale sampling program to determine the source(s) and distribution of perchlorate in the area's ground water. This document summarizes the findings of a large‐scale investigation in nine counties carried out from July to December 2002. This program included public water system (PWS) wells and private wells in Andrews, Borden, Dawson, Ector, Gaines, Glasscock, Howard, Martin, and Midland counties, which occupy a total area of 23,960 km2. Water samples were tested for perchlorate and a suite of common ions. From a total of 254 wells sampled in the nine counties, 179 wells (70%) had detectable perchlorate concentrations (>0.5 ppb) and 88 wells (35%) had perchlorate concentrations equal to or above 4 ppb. The highest perchlorate concentration found at a private well was 58.8 ppb in Dawson County, while the highest concentration detected for a well in PWS was 45.6 ppb in city of Midland, Midland County. Perchlorate positively correlated (α < 0.0001) with Cl−, F−, Br−, SO42−, Mg2+, and K+ but not with NO2−, NO3−, Na+, or Ca2+. Research to date has identified the most likely sources to be (1) a natural mineralogical impurity; (2) agricultural fertilizers containing perchlorate; (3) in situ generation of perchlorate by electrochemical reactions; or (4) some combination of the three. This study suggests that there may be significant sources other than the traditional industrial processing of perchlorate, and the distribution of perchlorate in ground water is likely more widespread than previously suspected.

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Perchlorate in Chilean Nitrate as the Cause of Leaf Rugosity in Soybean Plants in Chile

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Puccinia Striiformis, Yellow Rust (Stripe Rust) of Cereals and Grasses

Puccinia Striiformis, Yellow Rust (Stripe Rust) of Cereals and Grasses

Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Ammonium Perchlorate Inhibit Development and Metamorphosis in Xenopus Laevis

Perchlorate occurrence in the Texas Southern High Plains Aquifer System

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