Perchlorate Toxicity and Risk Assessment

Mattie, David R.; Strawson, Joan; Zhao, Jay

doi:10.1007/0-387-31113-0_8

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…According to spectroscopic analysis, martian soil contains toxic sodium and magnesium perchlorates, leading to the suggestion that Mars may not be hospitable to any form of life as we know it (Mattie et al, 2006 ; Wadsworth and Cockell, 2017 ). While there is a considerable range of concentrations of perchlorate ions on the surface of Mars, the high concentration has been estimated to be 0.1225 M for the sodium salt and 0.0532 M for the magnesium salt, based on weight/volume (Ojha et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Antarctic Extreme Halophile and Its Polyextremophilic Enzyme: Effects of Perchlorate Salts

Laye

DasSarma

2018

Astrobiology

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Effects of perchlorate salts prevalent on the surface of Mars are of significant interest to astrobiology from the perspective of potential life on the Red Planet. Halorubrum lacusprofundi, a cold-adapted halophilic Antarctic archaeon, was able to grow anaerobically on 0.04 M concentration of perchlorate. With increasing concentrations of perchlorate, growth was inhibited, with half-maximal growth rate in ca. 0.3 M NaClO4 and 0.1 M Mg(ClO4)2 under aerobic conditions. Magnesium ions were also inhibitory for growth, but at considerably higher concentrations, with half-maximal growth rate above 1 M. For a purified halophilic β-galactosidase enzyme of H. lacusprofundi expressed in Halobacterium sp. NRC-1, 50% inhibition of catalytic activity was observed at 0.88 M NaClO4 and 0.13 M Mg(ClO4)2. Magnesium ions were a more potent inhibitor of the enzyme than of cell growth. Steady-state kinetic analysis showed that Mg(ClO4)2 acts as a mixed inhibitor (KI = 0.04 M), with magnesium alone being a competitive inhibitor (KI = 0.3 M) and perchlorate alone acting as a very weak noncompetitive inhibitor (KI = 2 M). Based on the estimated concentrations of perchlorate salts on the surface of Mars, our results show that neither sodium nor magnesium perchlorates would significantly inhibit growth and enzyme activity of halophiles. This is the first study of perchlorate effects on a purified enzyme. Key Words: Halophilic archaea—Perchlorate—Enzyme inhibition—Magnesium. Astrobiology 18, 412–418.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Antarctic Extreme Halophile and Its Polyextremophilic Enzyme: Effects of Perchlorate Salts

Laye

DasSarma

2018

Astrobiology

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“…In this review we present the most actual knowledge of perchlorate chemistry, its environmental occurrence and human toxicity. The new data about perchlorate occurrence and health effect still reveals and there is essential need to re-evaluate periodically the state of knowledge on these compounds [12]. The main purpose of this work is to discuss findings of the human population studies from the peer-reviewed literature published in last 10 years which assessed potential risk of exposure and health effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perchlorate – properties, toxicity and human health effects: an updated review

Niziński

Błażewicz

Kończyk

et al. 2020

Reviews on Environmental Health

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Interest in perchlorate as environmental pollutant has increased since 1997, when high concentrations have been found in the waters of the Colorado River, USA. Perchlorate is very persistent in nature and it is slowly degraded. Although harmful effects of large doses of perchlorate on thyroid function have been proven, the environmental effects are still unclear. The primary objective of the present review is to collect prevailing data of perchlorate exposure and to discuss its impact on human health. The results show that more than 50% of reviewed works found significant associations of perchlorate exposure and human health. This review consists of the following sections: general information of perchlorate sources, its properties and determination methods, role and sources in human body including food and water intake, overview of the scientific literature on the research on the effect of perchlorate on human health from 2010 to 2020. Finally, conclusions and recommendations on future perchlorate studies concerning human exposure are presented.

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“…Following discussions, literature reviews, and matching local needs with NAU research resources, we constructed this project as a joint community/university effort to examine the impact of human exposures to perchlorate, a water-soluble contaminant [2,3], and toxic metals such as cadmium, copper, lead, manganese, and mercury [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], which are active ingredients of currently or formerly used pesticides in the region. Results from the exposure assessment will be related to the health outcomes of Yuma residents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Impacts of Perchlorate and Pesticide Exposure: Protocol for Community-Engaged Research to Evaluate Environmental Toxicants in a US Border Community

Trotter¹,

Baldwin²,

Buck³

et al. 2021

JMIR Res Protoc

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Background The Northern Arizona University (NAU) Center for Health Equity Research (CHER) is conducting community-engaged health research involving “environmental scans” in Yuma County in collaboration with community health stakeholders, including the Yuma Regional Medical Center (YRMC), Regional Center for Border Health, Inc. (RCBH), Campesinos Sin Fronteras (CSF), Yuma County Public Health District, and government agencies and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) working on border health issues. The purpose of these efforts is to address community-generated environmental health hazards identified through ongoing coalitions among NAU, and local health care and research institutions. Objective We are undertaking joint community/university efforts to examine human exposures to perchlorate and agricultural pesticides. This project also includes the parallel development of a new animal model for investigating the mechanisms of toxicity following a “one health” approach. The ultimate goal of this community-engaged effort is to develop interventions to reduce exposures and health impacts of contaminants in Yuma populations. Methods All participants completed the informed consent process, which included information on the purpose of the study, a request for access to health histories and medical records, and interviews. The interview included questions related to (1) demographics, (2) social determinants of health, (3) health screening, (4) occupational and environmental exposures to perchlorate and pesticides, and (5) access to health services. Each participant provided a hair sample for quantifying the metals used in pesticides, urine sample for perchlorate quantification, and blood sample for endocrine assays. Modeling will examine the relationships between the concentrations of contaminants and hormones, demographics and social determinants of health, and health status of the study population, including health markers known to be impacted by perchlorate and pesticides. Results We recruited 323 adults residing in Yuma County during a 1-year pilot/feasibility study. Among these, 147 residents were patients from either YRMC or RCBH with a primary diagnosis of thyroid disease, including hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroid cancer, or goiter. The remaining 176 participants were from the general population but with no history of thyroid disorder. The pilot study confirmed the feasibility of using the identified community-engaged protocol to recruit, consent, and collect data from a difficult-to-access, vulnerable population. The demographics of the pilot study population and positive feedback on the success of the community-engaged approach indicate that the project can be scaled up to a broader study with replicable population health findings. Conclusions Using a community-engaged approach, the research protocol provided substantial evidence regarding the effectiveness of designing and implementing culturally relevant recruitment and dissemination processes that combine laboratory findings and public health information. Future findings will elucidate the mechanisms of toxicity and the population health effects of the contaminants of concern, as well as provide a new animal model to develop precision medicine capabilities for the population. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/15864

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Perchlorate Toxicity and Risk Assessment

Cited by 15 publications

References 42 publications

An Antarctic Extreme Halophile and Its Polyextremophilic Enzyme: Effects of Perchlorate Salts

An Antarctic Extreme Halophile and Its Polyextremophilic Enzyme: Effects of Perchlorate Salts

Perchlorate – properties, toxicity and human health effects: an updated review

Health Impacts of Perchlorate and Pesticide Exposure: Protocol for Community-Engaged Research to Evaluate Environmental Toxicants in a US Border Community

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