Perchloric Acid and Perchlorates

Mendiratta, Sudhir K.; Dotson, Ronald L.; Brooker, Robert T.

doi:10.1002/0471238961.1605180313051404.a01

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The PLE DOW 3N-Cu also showed a fairly high perchlorate uptake capacity comparable to the SBA or WBA resins, and a selectivity nearly five times greater than that for IRA 900. Although perchlorate is known as a weak ligand in homogeneous systems, solution-phase complexation of perchlorate with transition metals, such as Cu, Ni, Co, and Sn in the presence of organic compounds such as CH 3 CN or pyridyl nitrogen has been reported . For PLEs with a polystyrene matrix, enhanced ion-pairing and Lewis acid−base interactions between the fixed Cu(II) functional groups and ClO 4 - are expected (Figure ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorption and Desorption of Perchlorate with Various Classes of Ion Exchangers: A Comparative Study

Xiong

Zhao

Harper

2007

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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This study compares representative standard strong-base anion (SBA) and weak-base anion (WBA) exchangers, a bifunctional resin (A-530E), a class of polymeric ligand exchangers (PLEs), and an ion-exchange fiber (IXF) with respect to perchlorate sorption capacity, kinetics, and regenerability. While A-530E offered the greatest perchlorate capacity and selectivity, practically acceptable capacity was also observed for styrenic SBA and WBA resins, a PLE, and IXF. In contrast, polyacrylic resins offered much lower perchlorate capacity. The greater capacity of styrenic resins is attributed to enhanced ion-pairing and Lewis acid−base interaction due to the hydrophobic nature of polystyrene matrices and lower hydration energy of perchlorate. Conversely, regeneration of polyacrylic resins was much more efficient, and A-530E was least regenerable. IXF offered comparable perchlorate capacity to that of styrenic resins yet unparalleled kinetics (with a sorption equilibrium time of <1.5 h), and much greater regeneration efficiency, and WBA resins were much more regenerable than SBA resins.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorption and Desorption of Perchlorate with Various Classes of Ion Exchangers: A Comparative Study

Xiong

Zhao

Harper

2007

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Perchlorate is an inorganic anion used for a variety of products such as road flares, explosives, pyrotechnics, and solid rocket propellant (Mendiratta et al 1996). Perchlorate can also form naturally in the atmosphere, leading to trace levels of perchlorate in precipitation (Dasgupta et al 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

Urinary Perchlorate and Thyroid Hormone Levels in Adolescent and Adult Men and Women Living in the United States

Blount

Pirkle

Osterloh

et al. 2006

Environ Health Perspect

296

235

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BackgroundPerchlorate is commonly found in the environment and known to inhibit thyroid function at high doses. Assessing the potential effect of low-level exposure to perchlorate on thyroid function is an area of ongoing research.ObjectivesWe evaluated the potential relationship between urinary levels of perchlorate and serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and total thyroxine (T4) in 2,299 men and women, ≥ 12 years of age, participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during 2001–2002.MethodsWe used multiple regression models of T4 and TSH that included perchlorate and covariates known to be or likely to be associated with T4 or TSH levels: age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, estrogen use, menopausal status, pregnancy status, premenarche status, serum C-reactive protein, serum albumin, serum cotinine, hours of fasting, urinary thiocyanate, urinary nitrate, and selected medication groups.ResultsPerchlorate was not a significant predictor of T4 or TSH levels in men. For women overall, perchlorate was a significant predictor of both T4 and TSH. For women with urinary iodine < 100 μg/L, perchlorate was a significant negative predictor of T4 (p < 0.0001) and a positive predictor of TSH (p = 0.001). For women with urinary iodine ≥ 100 μg/L, perchlorate was a significant positive predictor of TSH (p = 0.025) but not T4 (p = 0.550).ConclusionsThese associations of perchlorate with T4 and TSH are coherent in direction and independent of other variables known to affect thyroid function, but are present at perchlorate exposure levels that were unanticipated based on previous studies.

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“…Perchlorate is an inorganic anion that is used as a component of solid rocket fuel, explosives, and pyrotechnics. Ammonium perchlorate is the most widely used perchlorate salt; it is used primarily as the oxidant in solid rocket fuel . The manufacture, handling, and use of perchlorate salts have led to widespread environmental contamination.…”

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Analysis of Perchlorate in Human Urine Using Ion Chromatography and Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2005

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Because of health concerns surrounding widespread exposure to perchlorate, we developed a sensitive and selective method for quantifying perchlorate in human urine using ion chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Perchlorate was quantified using a stable isotope-labeled internal standard ((18)O(4)-perchlorate) with excellent assay precision (coefficient of variation <5% for repetitively analyzed quality control material). Analytical accuracy was established by blind analysis of certified proficiency testing materials prepared in synthetic urine matrix; calculated amounts deviated minimally from true amounts, with percent differences ranging from 2% to 5%. Selective chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry reduced the need for sample cleanup, resulting in a rugged and rapid method capable of routinely analyzing 75 samples/day. The lowest reportable level (0.025 ng/mL) was sufficiently sensitive to detect perchlorate in all human urine samples evaluated to date, with a linear response range from 0.025 to 100 ng/mL. This selective, sensitive, and rapid method will help elucidate any potential associations between human exposure to low levels of perchlorate and adverse health effects.

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Perchloric Acid and Perchlorates

Cited by 7 publications

References 51 publications

Sorption and Desorption of Perchlorate with Various Classes of Ion Exchangers: A Comparative Study

Sorption and Desorption of Perchlorate with Various Classes of Ion Exchangers: A Comparative Study

Urinary Perchlorate and Thyroid Hormone Levels in Adolescent and Adult Men and Women Living in the United States

Analysis of Perchlorate in Human Urine Using Ion Chromatography and Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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