Percutaneous access for the diagnosis of urothelial neoplasms: pictorial essay with anatomopathological correlation

Abstract

Urothelial carcinoma is a rare malignant neoplasm, accounting for only 5% to 7% of kidney tumors and 5% of urothelial tumors. During the management of urothelial carcinoma, anatomopathological evaluation is used for stratifying the tumors into different prognostic groups to aid in the evaluation of treatment results and to optimize the management of patients. Percutaneous image-guided biopsy is a safe and feasible procedure, with high sensitivity and accuracy rates. Although image-guided percutaneous biopsy of the urinary tract is a relatively uncommon procedure, it can be considered an option in selected cases or when traditional methods, such as the ureteroscopic technique, are not possible.

Modified technique for double J stent removal

“…Interventional procedures have been used with increasing frequency for the diagnosis and treatment of urological disorders ( 1 - 5 ) . The classic method for removing double J (DJ) stents consists of a retrograde cystoscopic procedure involving the use of forceps ( 6 - 9 ) .…”

Antegrade double-J stenting as an alternative to the retrograde approach: experience of the first 150 cases at a single center in Brazil

“…Antegrade DJ stenting is performed by interventional radiologists under image guidance (by ultrasound, fluoroscopy, or both), having been widely described and indicated mainly for cases in which there is technical failure of the retrograde/cystoscopic approach ( 5 - 9 ) . Antegrade DJ stenting has been shown to be safe and effective in patients with ureteral obstruction ( 7 ) , with a good cost-benefit ratio when compared with percutaneous nephrostomy ( 7 ) .…”