“…In humans, acquired forms of PAS are less common than congenital forms. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Acquired PAS in humans has been reported secondary to extrinsic causes, including external compression by pulmonary or mediastinal neoplasia 13,18,19 and cysts 20 ; compression from aortic aneurysms, 21,22 infectious mediastinitis, 17 idiopathic pericarditis, 15 and pericardial calcification 23 ; intraluminal conditions such as neoplasia, 11,24 systemic vasculitides, 12,25 pulmonary thromboembolic disease, 26 and idiopathic fibrous intimal proliferation 16,27 ; and valvular abnormalities associated with rheumatic heart disease, 28 malignant carcinoid syndrome, 29 and infective endocarditis. 28 A report 9 of acquired PAS secondary to a heart-base tumor in a Boston Terrier was published approximately 40 years ago.…”