Percutaneous Biliary Endoscopy: History, Indications, Techniques, and Outcomes

Abstract

Percutaneous biliary endoscopy (PBE), also known as cholangioscopy, represents a significant advancement in the field of interventional radiology. This technique offers a minimally invasive alternative to traditional surgery or peroral approaches for a range of biliary diseases, including stone clearance, biliary stricture/mass evaluation, and biopsies, making it particularly valuable in the management of complex biliary pathologies. It is especially significant for patients with anatomical variations or high surgical risk, where traditional approaches like endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, or surgical options, are not feasible. This article delves into the evolution, indications, technical nuances, and clinical outcomes of PBE, integrating comprehensive data from extensive research.