Dear Editor,Pan et al. 1 have admirably performed percutaneous closure of atrial septal defects (ASD) under transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) guidance without fluoroscopy or intubation in children. Their work is commendable considering the high success rate even with TTE. They showed significant reduction in procedure time as well as cost of the procedure when transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was avoided.However, we have a few concerns that we request to be clarified. (a) The distance defined as the "working length" for catheter insertion could be a matter of conjecture. This is the in vitro distance form right parasternal third intercostal space to puncture site. It is then applied in vivo to catheters, wires and sheaths such that nothing is inserted 5 cm longer than the "working length." It is a straight line measurement of the distance between the right third intercostal space to the puncture site. This corresponds to the distance travelled by hardwares from groin to right atrium through the inferior vena cava. These points do not actually lie in a straight line in vivo. Hence, the in vitro measurement could be flawed and not correspond to in vivo length. (b) Because of this subjectivity, there is a risk of injury to cardiac structures especially in the small hearts of children. Even a difference of a millimeter between measured in vitro and actual in vivo distance can be dangerous. Hence, there is apprehension about the small margin of safety. (c) Directing the catheter tip into the left upper pulmonary vein appeared to be risky when we tried to reproduce this method. This movement was blind and could not be clearly visualized by TTE. (d) We would also like to know the criteria adopted to separate the groups who had device closure under TTE or TEE. (e) It may also be clarified whether their method was applied only to small ASD (mean size is 11-12 mm).In previous attempts at device closure with echocardiographic guidance alone, 2 a balloon tipped catheter was passed into the left atrium. The distance from catheter tip to the groin was estimated to be the distance of the delivery sheath to be passed into left atrium. We feel that this method suffers from the same problem of assumption of approximate length, could be hazardous, especially in children. References 1. Pan XB, Ou-Yang WB, Pang KJ, et al. Percutaneous closure of atrial septal defects under transthoracic echocardiography guidance without fluoroscopy or intubation in children. J Interv Cardiol 2015;28:390-395. 2. Schubert S, Kainz S, Peters B, et al. Interventional closure of atrial septal defects without fluoroscopy in adult and pediatric patients. Clin Res Cardiol 2012;101:691-700.
Response:We appreciate the interest in our work about atrial septal defect (ASD) closure under only guidance of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) without fluoroscopy.