In this case report, we describe direct percutaneous delivery of a muscular-ventricularseptal-defect 4 Dudiy and colleagues 5 have described a transapical approach through the pseudoaneurysmal sac, in 2 patients; however, no images of this approach were provided. We report our initial experience with this technique.
Case ReportIn January 2012, a 72-year-old woman initially underwent cardiopulmonary bypass for open graft repair of an ascending aortic dissection, at another hospital. The procedure was complicated by ventricular fibrillation arrest and anterior myocardial infarction. Over the course of the next year, she underwent multiple endovascular procedures for the management of sequelae of a continuous descending and abdominal aortic dissection.In April 2013, the patient underwent open surgical repair (with insertion of a descending aortic graft) of persistent type II endoleaks that had occurred proximally and distally in the thoracic aorta. She then experienced knee numbness, which was attributed to spinal ischemia. At the time, no further sequelae of the aortic procedure-or of cardiopulmonary bypass, including LV cannulation-were noted. However, one month after the surgical procedure the patient developed persistent band-like pain across the lower chest. This prompted contrast-enhanced computed tomographic angiography (CTA), which revealed a large pseudoaneurysm arising from the anterior wall of the LV and surrounding, but discrete from, the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) (Fig. 1). The patient then presented at the Interventional Radiology Section for consultation.Given the patient's pain (as illuminated by our subsequent CTA discovery of the large LV pseudoaneurysm), we decided to proceed with closure. Because of scant published experience with the treatment of such a condition, we consulted local specialists in congenital cardiology, cardiothoracic surgery, and interventional cardiology, in order to select the optimal equipment and approach. Rejected options included 1) surgical closure (because of the patient's refusal-together with the high morbidity and mortality rates associated with repeat sternotomy and repair); 2) transfemoral clo-