Lung cancer is the leading cause of death in men and has surpassed breast cancer as the most frequent cause of death in women [8]. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice, but only a third of patients who present with early disease are eligible for a curative resection [48]. Open surgery provides ready access and optimal visualization of body cavities; however, it has a higher rate of morbidity compared with minimally invasive techniques. Other options need to be developed. Brachytherapy is a form of radiation therapy of tumors delivered by the direct placement of a radioactive source into a tumor or tumor bed. It provides an option that avoids major surgery, chemotherapy, and the uncertainty of tumor motion, while the patient receives external beam radiation. It also avoids conventional multiple external beam radiation fractions that occur over several weeks.Endoluminal high-dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy is used routinely in the palliation of lung cancer [79]. The radiation source is placed through the tumor with a bronchoscope and then removed. An electromagnetic-navigated bronchoscopic approach to a small peripheral tumor has recently been described by Harms et al. [20]. A single patient with medically inoperable nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the right upper lobe was treated with external-beam radiotherapy (50 Gy) and navigated endoluminal brachytherapy (15 Gy). Bronchoscopy was performed with electromagnetic navigation, using a microsensor mounted on the tip of a dedicated catheter placed within the working channel of a bronchoscope. Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) was performed to confirm the exact position at the centre of the lesion. HDR brachytherapy (370 GBq iridium-192) was applied. Complete remission was found during follow-up (12 months).