Percutaneous management of atrial wall perforation during transeptal puncture with an Amplatzer vascular plug in 3 patients: keep calm, think fast

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Atrial wall perforation is a rare but serious complication of transeptal puncture in AF catheter ablation procedure. In patients with uninterrupted anticoagulation associated to non-fractionated heparin bolus this may lead to cardiac tamponade and dramatic consequences. Urgent surgical drainage and repair is mandatory in the most dramatic cases. We report the successful closure of such complication by an Amplatzer vascular plug leading to a rapid and total recovery in 3 patients. Methods Three patients (male, 43, 77 and 84 yo) referred for persistent atrial fibrillation ablation (1 RF and 2 cryoablations). After transeptal puncture, they became severely hypotensive with echographic evidence of tamponade. Results Heart perforation with massive leakage of contrast in the pericardial space was evident. The perforation was anterior near aorta in one, on the posterior wall of the right atrium in one and on the posterior wall of the left atria though the right atria in one. After heparin antagonization by protamin, the pericardial space was drained percutaneously (1 to 3 l drained and in 1 reinjected through a "cell saver" system). Rapidly, a 0,035 J guide wire was passed through the perforation and an Amplatzer vascular Plug 2 (4 mm in 2 patients and 6 mm in one) was released resulting in an immediate closure of the leak and recovery of the patient after completion of the pericardial drainage. The drainage was monitored 24h and patients were discharged on Day 2 with a good evolution over a median follow-up of 1.5 year. CT scan at 3 and 6 month showed total recovery. Conclusion In patients with left atrial wall perforation and tamponade related to failed transeptal puncture in patients under uninterrupted oral anticoagulation for AF ablation, rapid release of a closure device and pericardial evacuation allowed to successfully manage the cardiac tamponade and avoid a surgical option.