Percutaneous nephroscopy combined with the laser used for right kidney bullet extraction: A case report

Abstract

Rationale: Wounds caused by firearms are intractable problems in treating war traumas and clinical management. Conventional open surgery inflicts large injury and leads to slow recovery. At the same time, most patients suffer from compound injuries with the critical condition and poor operation tolerance. Thus, it is crucial to probe into the minimally invasive surgical removal of residual kidney bullets. Patient concerns: We report a case where a bullet remained in the right renal parenchyma on the patient, with penetrating injury in his liver. Diagnosis: Obviously the patient has suffered gunshot wound with a bullet stuck in his kidney, while his liver function was impacted. Interventions: Six months after the injury, we performed the minimally-invasive procedures on the patient with percutaneous nephroscope technology and laser technology under the guidance of ultrasound localization. The bullet and ammunition granulation and scar surrounding tissue were fully removed. Intraoperative bleeding was little, while the incision was small. The patient could leave the bed and walk on the 1st postoperative day. The drainage tube was removed on the 3rd postoperative day, after which the patient was discharged on the 4th postoperative day. Outcomes: The patient recovered well after surgery and was followed up for 5 years. The latest examination of his liver and kidney function was as follows: alanine aminotransferase 61IU/L, aspartate aminotransferase 33 IU/L, albumin/globulin 46.6/26.0, total bilirubin 19.1μmol/L, direct bilirubin 4.9μmol/L, indirect bilirubin 14.2μmol/L, alkaline phosphatase 111 IU/L, creatinine 57μmol/L, urea 5.16mmol/L, cystatin 0.73mg/L. The plain computed tomography scan showed a few calcifications in the liver and a patchy low-density shadow in the right kidney. It was proved that the liver and kidney function of the patient recovered well, and his living qualify has come back to the track, with no postoperative complications. Lessons: Innovative integration of percutaneous nephroscopy technology and laser was used to remove kidney foreign bodies and developed the optimal surgical plan, small trauma, fast recovery, and the treatment of kidney foreign bodies was newly explored.

Synthesis and salt resistance of non-ionic polymer P (AM/ APEG400/NVP/SM)

“…At present, oil and gas exploitation has entered a complex and challenging reservoir with high temperature, high salinity and low permeability [1][2][3]. Polymer flooding [4,5] is the most mature and effective enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology in China and has achieved great success in the development of major oil fields in China.…”