Percutaneous penetration and distribution of VX using in vitro pig or human excised skin

Vallet, V.; Cruz, C.; Licausi, J.; Bazire, A.; Lallement, G.; Boudry, Isabelle

doi:10.1016/j.tox.2007.12.027

Cited by 35 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…It is a lipophilic substance, which therefore tends to be stored in the upper layers of the skin. It has been used as a simulant of V agents 33 because of its molecular weight and log P close to those of VX (275.2 g mol −1 against 267.4 g mol −1 and log P = 1.8 against 2.09, respectively, for POX an VX). However, from a biopharmaceutical point of view, its skin penetration kinetics on pig skin is 4 times slower compared to VX on human skin.…”

Section: Influence Of the Morphology And Calcinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailor-Made Synthesis of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles for Improving the Skin Decontamination of Paraoxon

Thomas,

Briançon,

Chaput

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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CeO 2 nanoparticles possess catalytic activity for hydrolysis of organophosphates such as paraoxon and nerve agents used in chemical warfare. Intoxication with these highly toxic compounds can occur directly through inhalation or dermal contact and lead to rapid and severe consequences including death. It is therefore necessary to have effective means of skin decontamination, and CeO 2 nanoparticles are promising. In this study, a wide range of CeO 2 nanoparticles were synthesized and their efficiency against paraoxon degradation was evaluated. Nanocubes (NC), nanorods (NR), nano-octahedra (NO), and nanopolyhedra (NPO) were studied along with nanoparticles obtained after calcination (NC*, NR*, NO*, and nanotruncated octahedra NTO*). Results show an influence of calcination, specific surface area, and crystal facets with higher activity for {111} facets compared to {100} facets. pH also impacted POX degradation rates, with higher pH accelerating the degradation. In vitro tests using the Franz cell method demonstrated the skin decontamination efficacy of the CeO 2 nanoparticles. NC* exhibited lower efficiency, possibly due to smaller surface area and limited {100} facet degradation. The most efficient nanoparticles were NR* and NO* followed by NTO* consistently with their degradation efficiency and specific surface area. Notably, NR* and NO* performed comparably to FE (Fuller's earth), the standard powder skin decontaminant on battlefield. Unlike FE that can only adsorb paraoxon, CeO 2 nanoparticles can neutralize it into safer byproducts. This study highlights the interest of CeO 2 nanoparticles and the influence of their physicochemical properties on organophosphorus compound degradation and cutaneous decontamination.

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Section: Influence Of the Morphology And Calcinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailor-Made Synthesis of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles for Improving the Skin Decontamination of Paraoxon

Thomas,

Briançon,

Chaput

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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“…The main exposure routes to OPs are respiratory and dermal. Percutaneous penetration can occur for the most persistent of them such as the CWA VX and the pesticide parathion and its oxidized derivative paraoxon (POX) [6] , [7] , [8] . As a consequence, specific protective equipments (suits, face masks, gloves and boot covers) were developed to limit skin contact and absorption of these highly toxic chemicals [9] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New CeO 2 nanoparticles-based topical formulations for the skin protection against organophosphates

et al. 2015

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To reinforce skin protection against organophosphates (OPs), the development of new topical skin protectants (TSP) has received a great interest. Nanoparticles like cerium dioxide (CeO2) known to adsorb and neutralize OPs are interesting candidates for TSP. However, NPs are difficult to disperse into formulations and they are suspected of toxicological issues. Thus, we want to study: (1) the effect of the addition of CeO2 NPs in formulations for the skin protection (2) the impact of the doping of CeO2 NPs by calcium; (3) the effect of two methods of dispersion of CeO2 NPs: an O/W emulsion or a suspension of a fluorinated thickening polymer (HASE-F) grafted with these NPs. As a screening approach we used silicone membranes as a skin equivalent and Franz diffusion cells for permeation tests. The addition of pure CeO2 NPs in both formulations permits the penetration to decrease by a 3–4-fold factor. The O/W emulsion allows is the best approach to obtain a film-forming coating with a good reproducibility of the penetration results; whereas the grafting of NPs to a thickener is the best way to obtain an efficient homogenous suspension of CeO2 NPs with a decreased of toxicological impact but the coating is less film-forming which slightly impacts the reproducibility of the penetration results.

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“…2). In contrast Demeton-S 43 and Tetriso 44 have a-S-(CH 2 ) 2 -Y side chain motif closer to that of the live agent but the phosphorothioate function exhibits limitations, since its reactivity at the phosphorus centre is modified (Fig. 1).…”

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confidence: 99%

Flow neutralisation of sulfur-containing chemical warfare agents with Oxone: packed bed vs. aqueous solution

et al. 2021

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Percutaneous penetration and distribution of VX using in vitro pig or human excised skin

Cited by 35 publications

References 56 publications

Tailor-Made Synthesis of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles for Improving the Skin Decontamination of Paraoxon

Tailor-Made Synthesis of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles for Improving the Skin Decontamination of Paraoxon

New CeO 2 nanoparticles-based topical formulations for the skin protection against organophosphates

Flow neutralisation of sulfur-containing chemical warfare agents with Oxone: packed bed vs. aqueous solution

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