Percutaneous penetration of benzene in hairless mice: An estimate of dermal absorption during tire‐building operations

Susten, Allan S.; Dames, B. L.; Burg, JeAnne R.; Niemeier, Richard W.

doi:10.1002/ajim.4700070408

Cited by 44 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…They also calculated that 100 cm2 glabrous skin in contact with gasoline containing 5% benzene would absorb 7.0 ML/hr. These results are not too different from those of Susten et al using mouse skin (21).…”

Section: Human Exposurecontrasting

confidence: 50%

“…Susten et al (21), using hairless mice, calculated that 20 to 40% of the total benzene dose received by humans in tire-building operations could be absorbed dermally. Blank and McAuliffe (22) calculated that an adult working in ambient air containing 10 ppm benzene would absorb 7.5 ,uL/hr from inhalation and 1.5 ML/hr from whole body (2 m2) exposure.…”

Section: Human Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Multiple-site carcinogenicity of benzene in Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice.

Huff

Haseman

DeMarini

et al. 1989

Environ Health Perspect

113

107

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Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of benzene (CAS No. 71-43-2; greater than 99.7% pure) were conducted in groups of 60 F344/N rats and 60 B6C3FW mice of each sex for each of three exposure doses and vehicle controls. These composite studies on benzene were designed and conducted because of large production volume and widespread human exposure, because of the epidemiologic association with leukemia, and because previ. ous experiments were considered inadequate or inconclusive for determining carcinogenicity in laboratory animals. Using the results from 17-week studies, doses for the 2-year studies were selected based on clinical observations (tremors in higher dosed mice), on clinical pathologic findings (lymphoid depletion in rats and leukopenia in mice), and on body weight effects. Doses of 0, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg body weight benzene in corn oil were administered by gavage to male rats, 5 days per week, for 103 weeks. Doses of 0, 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg benzene in corn oil were administered by gavage to female rats and to male and female mice for 103 weeks. Ten animals in each of the 16 groups were killed at 12 months, and necropsies were performed. Hematologic profiles were performed at 3-month intervals.For the 2-year studies, mean body weights of the top dose groups of male rats and of both sexes of mice were lower than those of the controls. Survivals of the top dose group of rats and mice of each sex were reduced; however, at week 92 for rats and week 91 for mice, survival was greater than 60% in all groups; most of the dosed animals that died before week 103 had neoplasia. Compound-related nonneoplastic or neoplastic effects on the hematopoietic system, Zymbal gland, forestomach, and adrenal gland were found both for rats and mice. Further, the oral cavity was affected in rats, and the lung, liver, Harderian gland, preputial gland, ovary, and mammary gland were affected in mice. Under the conditions of these 2-year gavage studies, there was clear evidence of carcinogenicity of benzene in male F344/N rats, female F344/N rats, male B6C3FW mice, and female B6C3FM mice. In male rats, benzene caused increased incidences of Zymbal gland carcinomas, squamous cell papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity, and squamous cell papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin. In female rats, benzene caused increased incidences of Zymbal gland carcinomas and squamous cell papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity. In male mice, benzene caused increased incidences of Zymbal gland squamous cell carcinomas, malignant lymphomas, alveolar/bronchiolar carcinomas and alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas or carcinomas (combined), Harderian gland adenomas, and squamous cell carcinomas of the preputial gland. In female mice, benzene caused increased incidences of malignant lymphomas, ovarian granulosa cell tumors, ovarian benign mixed tumors, carcinomas and careinosarcomas of the mammary gland, alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas, alveolar/bronchiolar carcinomas, and Zymbal gland squamous cell carcin...

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Section: Human Exposurecontrasting

confidence: 50%

Section: Human Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple-site carcinogenicity of benzene in Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice.

Huff

Haseman

DeMarini

et al. 1989

Environ Health Perspect

113

107

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“…Hotitever. si.x workers sampled by the company in 1~ 7 5. had air benzene conr.entrations ranging frOJll 0.5 to Ll.9 ppm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-85-003-1834, B. F. Goodrich, Woodburn, Indiana.

1987

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“…This device enables satisfactory restriction of the contact area of the test material, exclusion of the other routes of absorption, and has been tested on several highly volatile chemicals, i.e., benzene, toluene, carbon disulfide, ethylbenzene and aniline [35,48,49]. Our experience shows that the skin depot chamber and the methodology should be carefully and extensively evaluated when studying chemicals such as D 4 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Percutaneous Absorption Studies of Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane Using the Human Skin/Nude Mouse Model

Zaręba

Gelein²,

Morrow³

et al. 2002

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D₄) has been used for more than 40 years in industrial applications and consumer products, including the personal care industry. D₄ possesses many properties suitable for personal care products, such as low surface tension, water repellency, and thermal and chemical stability. The skin is a major route of exposure to D₄for humans. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the percutaneous absorption of neat D₄ in human skin using the human skin/nude mouse model. This information is needed to aid in assessing potential risks associated with the intended use of D₄. To determine whether D₄ accumulates in adipose tissue of the skin, the distribution of D₄ in human skin layers following application of neat D₄ was also evaluated. In this study, a mean of 1.09 ± 0.46% of the applied dose was absorbed by the animal under semioccluded conditions. Only about 0.02% of the applied dose remained in the skin after 24 h of exposure (or 72 h after application). The majority (94.59 ± 12.28%) of the dose evaporated from the site. Excretion in the volatile trap (or expired volatiles) accounted for 42% of the radioactivity that was absorbed, while 49% were excreted in the urine and feces. Despite the lipophilic properties of D₄, a significant accumulation of D₄ in adipose tissue of the skin was not observed 24 h following application to the surface of the skin. The small amount of D₄ detected in the skin was distributed mainly in the epidermis (61%), with lower amounts in the dermis (29%) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (10%). Dermal absorption studies using human skin transplanted onto nude mice showed that this model could be successfully applied for in vivo percutaneous absorption studies of D₄, and presumably of other cyclic siloxanes. The fraction of the percutaneous dose of D₄ absorbed in this model was found to be consistent with results reported by others using different experimental approaches.

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Percutaneous penetration of benzene in hairless mice: An estimate of dermal absorption during tire‐building operations

Cited by 44 publications

References 8 publications

Multiple-site carcinogenicity of benzene in Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice.

Multiple-site carcinogenicity of benzene in Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice.

Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-85-003-1834, B. F. Goodrich, Woodburn, Indiana.

Percutaneous Absorption Studies of Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane Using the Human Skin/Nude Mouse Model

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