Four patients with aortitis and stenotic lesions of the aorta were successfully treated by percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty. The peak systolic gradient across the constrictions decreased from 82.5 ± 35.7 to 37.5 ± 18.5 mm Hg immediately after dilatation. Repeat angiography in the first three patients performed 2 months later showed a further decrease in the gradient to 13.8 + 9.5 mm Hg. There were no complications during or after the procedure, and all the patients have shown remarkable symptomatic relief during the follow-up. Circulation 76, No. 3, 597-600, 1987. AORTITIS is a form of vasculitis with the characteristic feature of "pulselessness.
MethodsFour male patients with aortitis (ages 12 to 32 years, mean 22.2 ± 8.6) were subjected to percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty. Their main presenting symptom was dyspnea on exertion. One of them had associated features of nephrotic syndrome, and all four had hypertension. In the first three patients, femoral pulses were very feeble compared with the upper extremity pulses, and the other lower limb pulsations were not palpable. In the fourth patient, lower limb pulsations, though palpable, were feeble compared with the upper extremity pulses (table 1).Laboratory investigations showed normal leukocyte count, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was elevated in two. Studies for the lupus erythematosus cell and antinuclear factor were negative. One patient showed heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and hypercholestrolemia. Results of urinalysis were normal in the others. The electrocardiogram showed left ventricular hypertrophy in all four. Three had cardiomegaly on the chest roentgenogram.With the tentative diagnosis of aortitis, these patients were subjected to cardiac catheterization and aortography. Under local anesthesia, a No. 8F pigtail catheter was passed through the right femoral artery percutaneously. Pressures were recorded at different levels in the aorta, and gradients across the constrictions were obtained. The aortogram performed in anteroposterior and lateral views showed features of aortitis.After determination of the site, the diameter of the constricted segment and of the "normal" aorta was calculated after correcting for the magnification factor. A flexible-tip, 300 cm long, 0.038 inch guidewire was then passed through the pigtail catheter, and its tip was advanced into the ascending aorta. Heparin (2500 U) was given intravenously. With the exchange guidewire kept in position, the pigtail catheter was taken out and a deflated air-free No. 9F (Meditech,12 to 20 mm diameter) balloon catheter was passed over the guidewire and positioned across the first constriction. The balloon size was selected as 60% to 100% of the normal aortic segment, but this did not exceed three times the constricted segment.4 The balloon was inflated with half-597