Perennial Roots to Immortality
 ,

Munné‐Bosch, Sergi

doi:10.1104/pp.114.236000

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…(Davies, 2010). It is also likely that reduced jasmonic acid levels result from a trade-off between activation of different defense pathways in plants (photoprotection versus potential chemical defense to necrotrophs through jasmonates), so that enhanced vitamin E accumulation at the highest altitude may negatively influence the biosynthesis of jasmonates, which is in agreement with previous studies (Demmig-Adams et al, 2013, 2014Simancas and Munné-Bosch, 2015). Enhanced jasmonic acid accumulation in the intermediate population may reflect activation of acclimation responses, but also increased cell death, as shown in other studies (Shumbe et al, 2016).…”

Section: Physiological Adaptation To Altitude: Photo-and Antioxidant supporting

confidence: 87%

“…Higher survival in the highest population may be associated with improved soil and leaf water contents despite being exposed to higher light intensity. Furthermore, plants from this species seem to escape from increased size-dependent mortality, as it has been shown in other plant species, mostly woody perennials (shrubs and trees), in which increased plant size make larger individuals more vulnerable to environmental constraints (Mencuccini et al, 2005(Mencuccini et al, , 2007Baudisch et al, 2013;Salguero-Gomez et al, 2013;Munné-Bosch, 2014, 2015. This was not observed here in either studied population.…”

Section: Non-clonal Clonalsupporting

confidence: 61%

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Adaptation of the Long-Lived Monocarpic Perennial, Saxifraga longifolia to High Altitude

et al. 2016

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Global change is exerting a major effect on plant communities, altering their potential capacity for adaptation. Here, we aimed at unveiling mechanisms of adaptation to high altitude in an endemic long-lived monocarpic, Saxifraga longifolia, by combining demographic and physiological approaches. Plants from three altitudes (570, 1100, and 2100 m above sea level [a.s.l.]) were investigated in terms of leaf water and pigment contents, and activation of stress defense mechanisms. The influence of plant size on physiological performance and mortality was also investigated. Levels of photoprotective molecules (a-tocopherol, carotenoids, and anthocyanins) increased in response to high altitude (1100 relative to 570 m a.s.l.), which was paralleled by reduced soil and leaf water contents and increased ABA levels. The more demanding effect of high altitude on photoprotection was, however, partly abolished at very high altitudes (2100 m a.s.l.) due to improved soil water contents, with the exception of a-tocopherol accumulation. a-Tocopherol levels increased progressively at increasing altitudes, which paralleled with reductions in lipid peroxidation, thus suggesting plants from the highest altitude effectively withstood high light stress. Furthermore, mortality of juveniles was highest at the intermediate population, suggesting that drought stress was the main environmental driver of mortality of juveniles in this rocky plant species. Population structure and vital rates in the high population evidenced lower recruitment and mortality in juveniles, activation of clonal growth, and absence of plant sizedependent mortality. We conclude that, despite S. longifolia has evolved complex mechanisms of adaptation to altitude at the cellular, whole-plant and population levels, drought events may drive increased mortality in the framework of global change.

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Section: Physiological Adaptation To Altitude: Photo-and Antioxidant supporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Non-clonal Clonalsupporting

confidence: 61%

Adaptation of the Long-Lived Monocarpic Perennial, Saxifraga longifolia to High Altitude

et al. 2016

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“…Root mortality, as mentioned above, is not necessarily linked to the mortality of the whole organism. In particular, some specific woody perennials have evolved strategies that enable them to overcome extreme stresses including drought and to become essentially immortal, e.g., by vegetative reproduction as in the proteaceous shrub Lomatia tasmanica ( Munné-Bosch, 2014 ).…”

Section: Feedbacks and Premature Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

How tree roots respond to drought

et al. 2015

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The ongoing climate change is characterized by increased temperatures and altered precipitation patterns. In addition, there has been an increase in both the frequency and intensity of extreme climatic events such as drought. Episodes of drought induce a series of interconnected effects, all of which have the potential to alter the carbon balance of forest ecosystems profoundly at different scales of plant organization and ecosystem functioning. During recent years, considerable progress has been made in the understanding of how aboveground parts of trees respond to drought and how these responses affect carbon assimilation. In contrast, processes of belowground parts are relatively underrepresented in research on climate change. In this review, we describe current knowledge about responses of tree roots to drought. Tree roots are capable of responding to drought through a variety of strategies that enable them to avoid and tolerate stress. Responses include root biomass adjustments, anatomical alterations, and physiological acclimations. The molecular mechanisms underlying these responses are characterized to some extent, and involve stress signaling and the induction of numerous genes, leading to the activation of tolerance pathways. In addition, mycorrhizas seem to play important protective roles. The current knowledge compiled in this review supports the view that tree roots are well equipped to withstand drought situations and maintain morphological and physiological functions as long as possible. Further, the reviewed literature demonstrates the important role of tree roots in the functioning of forest ecosystems and highlights the need for more research in this emerging field.

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“…Perennial plants are in general more resistant to environmental stresses than annual plants, which suggests that they possess more elaborate mechanisms for stress adaptation ( Rennenberg and Schmidt 2010 , Munne-Bosch 2014 ). The perennial tea tree ( Camellia sinensis ) is an important economic woody crop planted within tropical to temperate regions ( Yu 2011 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Alternative Splicing Profiles of the Lipoxygenase Gene Family in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis)

Zhu

Wang

Guo

et al. 2018

Plant and Cell Physiology

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Oxylipins, including jasmonic acid (JA) and volatiles, are important for signaling in plants, and these are formed by the lipoxygenase (LOX) enzyme family. There is a large gap in understanding of the underlying molecular basis of their roles in tea plants. Here, we identified 11 CsLOX genes from the tea plant (Camellia sinensis), and characterized their phylogeny, gene structure and protein features into three subclasses. We then examined their enzymatic activities, LOX expression and alternative splicing of transcripts during development and in response to abiotic or biotic stresses in tea plants. In vitro expressed protein assays showed that the CsLOX2, 3 and 9 enzymatically function to produce 9/13-HPOT, 13-HPOT and 9-HPOT, respectively. CsLOX2 and CsLOX9 green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion proteins localized to chloroplasts and the cytoplasm, respectively. RNA sequencing, quantitative reverse transcription–PCR and Northern blot analysis suggested that CsLOX5, 6 and 9 were predominantly expressed in seeds, flowers and roots, respectively. CsLOX2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 were up-regulated after attack by the insect Ectropis oblique, while CsLOX1 was induced after infection with the pathogen Glomerella cingulata. CsLOX3, 7 and 10 were up-regulated by JA but not ABA or salicylic acid. Long-term cold stress down-regulated CsLOX expression while a short duration of cold induced the expression of CsLOX1, 6 and 7. Alternatively spliced transcripts of six CsLOX genes were dynamically regulated through time and varied in relative abundances under the investigated stresses; we propose a mechanism of competing or compensating regulation between isoforms. This study improves our understanding of evolution of LOXs and regulation of their diverse functions in plants.

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Perennial Roots to Immortality ,

Cited by 25 publications

References 37 publications

Adaptation of the Long-Lived Monocarpic Perennial, Saxifraga longifolia to High Altitude

Adaptation of the Long-Lived Monocarpic Perennial, Saxifraga longifolia to High Altitude

How tree roots respond to drought

Characterization and Alternative Splicing Profiles of the Lipoxygenase Gene Family in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis)

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